麦棉两熟平衡施肥效应研究  

Studies of Effect of Balanced Fcrtilization on Wheat Cotton DoubleCropping

作　　者：毛树春[1] 薛中立[1] 杨汝献[1] 朱登华 周百胜 张全德 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南省扶沟县棉花办公室

出　　处：《棉花学报》1994年第S1期46-51,共6页Cotton Science

摘　　要：１９９２～１９９３年在淮北平原黄泛冲积潮砂壤中等偏下地力进行了麦棉两熟平衡施肥试验。结果表明，麦棉作物对施肥的反应敏感，棉花施用有机肥增产最显著。施肥可增加小麦单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数，棉花可增加单株成铃数和铃重，但秋桃比例提高，熟性推迟。首次提出麦棉两熟高投入高产出高效益的平衡施肥方案，周年全田最佳小麦产量３７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花最佳产量１３５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，总化肥养分施用量７９５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，麦棉季各半，Ｎ：Ｐ２Ｏ５：Ｋ２Ｏ为１：０．５：０．５。即小麦棉花各施Ｎ１８７．５、Ｐ２Ｏ５９０～９３．８和Ｋ２Ｏ９０～９３．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，棉花季施用硼砂１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，硫酸锌３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。提倡重施基肥，早施追肥。The tests of balanced fertilization were conducted in wheat一cotton double croppingfields with mid一low fertility during l992～1993, which were located in alluvial sandy soil byYellow River of Huai一Bei Plain. The results showed that cotton and wheat plants were sensi-tive to fertilization.Applying organic manure was most effective on increasing cotton yield.Fertilization could increasing the ears per hm2 and grains per ear of wheat, and bolls per plantand boll weight of cotton, but it also caused inreasing the rate of fall boll and late maturity ofcotton. A balanced fertilization programme was advanced for the first time, which could real-ize high yield and great profit through high cost in wheat一cotton double cropping. The opti-mum annual yield of wheat is 3750kg/hm2, and that of cotton is 1350kg/hm2. The amount ofchemical fertilizer applied is 795kg/hm2, and the amount applied during cotton and whcat sea-son is half and half,N:P2O5: K2Ois l:0.5:0.5. That means applying l87. 5kg of N,90～93. 5kg of P2O5 and 90～93. 8kg of K2O per hectare during cotton and wheat season respec-tively, 15 kg of borate and 30kg of ZnSO4· 7H2O per hectare during cotton seaston. Applyingbase fertilizer on large rate and appling after fertilizer early were recommended.

关 键 词：麦棉两熟制 平衡施肥 效应 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]