静水压休克诱导近江牡蛎三倍体的发生  

Triploidy Induction by Hydrostatic Pressure Shock in Ostrea Rivularis

作　　者：陈晓汉[1] 叶力[1] 吴斌[1] 刘汀[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西海洋研究所

出　　处：《广西科学》1994年第1期47-52,共6页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：用静水压休克诱导近江牡蛎（Ｏｓｔｒｅａｒｉｖｕｌａｒｉｓ）三倍体的产生。静水压处理使受精卵的减数分裂纺缍体解体，处于中期Ⅰ和后期Ⅰ受处理的受精卵可恢复形成三、四极纺缍，之后产生两个单倍性雌原核而发育为３ｎ－１ｐｂ；处于未期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ期与处一后期Ⅱ期和未期Ⅱ受处理的受精卵可不恢复形成纺缍体，分别产生一个二倍性雌原核或两个单倍性雌原核而发育为３ｎ－２ｐｂ．２７℃下受精卵减数分裂的同步性较高．在授精后２６ｍｉｎ或３６ｍｉｎ以２３０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２的静水压持续处理１５ｍｉｎ，分别得到３ｎ－１ｐｂ（４８％）和３ｎ－２ｐｂ（６２％）的诱导峰值．实验表明，压力的起始时间应选择在减数分裂后期Ⅰ或后期Ⅱ．本文还解释了四倍体和五倍体的形成机理。Hydrostatic pressure shock applied for triploidy induction in Ostrea rivularis was studied.Meiotic spindles of zygotes can be damaged by pressure treatment.The zygote treated in metaphase or anaphaseⅠmay reform a 3-or 4-polar spindle after pressure released,and produces two haploid female pronuclei,then becomes a 3n-1pb.While the zygote treated in both telophaseⅠor metaphaseⅡand anaphaseⅡor telophase Ⅱmay not reform meiotic spindle after pressure released,and directly produces one diploid female pronucleus or two haploid ones respectively, and then becomes a 3n-2pb. Development of zygotes via meiotic division is more synchronous at 27.0℃than at lower temperature.When 230kg/cm2 hydrostatic pressure starts at 26 min or 36min after insemination and lasts for 15 min, the peak values of triploid inductivity,48%for 3n-1pb and 62% for 3n-2pb,can be yielded respectively.Based on the cytogenetic observation on chromosome behavior of zygotes in treated groups,we think that opticcal starting time of hydrostatic pressure shack for triploidy induction should be in anaphaseⅠor anaphaseⅡ.The mechanism of tetroploid and pentaploid formation is also explained in this paper.

关 键 词：近江牡蛎 三倍体 静水压休克 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]