我国玉米抗冷性研究与抗冷杂种优势利用  

A Discussion on Research of Maize Cold Resistance and Hetrerosis in China

作　　者：方华 马中义[1] 吕学文 崔四平[2] 黄国存[2] 李俊明[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省承德市农科所,067000 [2]河北省农科院理化所,050051

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》1993年第S4期37-43,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

摘　　要：玉米自交系的抗冷性存在强、中、弱三种类型,抗冷性强的自交系细胞膜和细胞原生质质量较好,渗透调节能力和自由基清除能力较强,低温下叶绿素含量和光合速率较高,从而低温下能持续生长或冷害后迅速恢复。玉米抗冷性不仅受遗传控制,而且化学措施也可对玉米抗冷性产生调控作用。依据准确可靠的抗冷性鉴定方法,可筛选出抗冷种质资源。利用"超早熟抗冷农家种×晚熟强优势单交种"的顶交育种途径,可打破抗冷性与配合力之间的负相关连锁,从而选育出高产抗冷杂交种。本文综合评述了玉米抗冷性鉴定方法和效果,抗冷生理生化基础研究的进展,提高玉米冷性的措施和抗冷杂交种选育的方法。There are three types of maize inbred—lines with different cold resistance.The strong cold re- sistant inbred-line is of good quality of cell membrane and cytoplasm,intense osmotic regulation ability and cell protective enzyme activity,high chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate.Therefore,it can keep its normal growth under low temperatures or return to normal growth rapidly after cold injury.The cold resis- tance of maize is not only controlled by inheritance,but also can be regulated by some chemical agents.Ac- cording to our precise and reliable cold resistance test some cold resistant germplasm has been screened out.By top cross of landrace(super early matured and cold resistant)×improved single-cross(with high combining ability)some high—yielding and cold resistant hybreds have been developed and put into practical use.The results showed that the negative corelation of cold resistance and combining ability can be broken out.

关 键 词：玉米 抗冷性 杂种优势利用 

分 类 号：S[农业科学]