我国采脂事业的回顾与前瞻  

OLEORESIN IN CHINA-A REVIEW AND PROSPECT

作　　者：许彬[1] 粟子安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所,南京210037

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》1993年第S1期7-14,共8页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

摘　　要：我国采脂事业的发展经历了三个阶段:(1)1949～1965年。完成了由上升式横割旧法采脂向下降式新法采脂的过渡,颁布《松脂采集规程》,松脂生产步入正轨;(2)1964～1985年。采脂人数增加,松脂产量和质量有较大提高;在采脂新工艺、新工具、化学采脂等方面取得一批科研成果;(3)1986年以后。以提高采脂劳动生产率为研究重点,松脂生产逐步转向基地化。文章在分析我国现有松林资源状况以后认为,我国可采脂资源利用率很高。根据国际脂松香价格,提出我国每吨松脂收购价格的极限。同时预测在10年内我国发达地区如劳动生产率不能提高,松脂生产将出现萎缩,部分松脂产区将转移到经济较为落后的地区。强调我国松脂生产的根本问题在于采脂劳动生产率低。要改变这一状况,必须建立松脂生产基地,选育高产脂力良种,推广先进采脂技术,实行集约化经营。The development of Chinese wood tapping has undergone three stages: (1) 1949～ 1964 , the old upward chipping method with horizontal streaks was replaced by a new downward chipping method, owing to the issue of 'Technical regulation for pine olcorcsin tapping '. Since then , gum production intered into a correct path. (2) 1965～ 1985, as tapping workers increased , oleoresin output were increased rapidly as well as the quality were improved. Some achievements in tapping technology, tools and chemical stimulants were obtained in this stage too . (3) From 1986 to present, a lot of important topics for raise in tapping labour productivity has been carried out in scientific researches . Some pine bases for gum tapping has been built gradually . The present situation of pine resources in China was discussed . The authors point out that the ratio of utilized trees for tapping to the whole pine resources is rather high . The limited price of gum rosin in China is supposed according to its international price. Meanwhile, the authors calculate that the gum production in developed areas will be shrinked and transfered to the backward areas in the near future. The paper emphasized that the essential question affecting gum production is low labour productivity. It is necessary to build bases of oleoresin production, select high gum-yielding trees for planting, spread advanced tapping technology and introduce intensive management.

关 键 词：采脂 资源 松脂生产 

分 类 号：S7[农业科学—林学]