上海梅雨季节云水和雨水的化学组分分析  

ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF CLOUD WATER AND RAIN WATER DURING THE PLUM RAINS PERIOD IN SHANGHAI

作　　者：张维[1] 邵德民[1] 沈爱华[1] 何珍珍 黄美元[2] 沈志来[2] 吴玉霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市气象科学研究所 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所

出　　处：《应用气象学报》1991年第4期375-384,共10页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

摘　　要：1986年6—7月梅雨季节在上海进行了云水和地面雨水的 pH 值测量和化学组分分析,结果表明:上海酸雨属于硫酸型酸雨;雨水酸度与其化学组分有关,pH≥6的云、雨水中含有大量的 Ca^2+离子浓度,而 pH<5的云、雨水中有大量的 SO_4^(2-)离子浓度;As 雨水的酸化以云下冲刷过程为主;Ns 雨水的酸度可能主要决定于云内雨除过程,Ns 云内云水的酸化过程,不仅受向上输送局地污染物的影响,而且受平流输送外来污染物的影响。During the plum rains period of June-July,1986,the pH values of cloud water and surfacerain water were measured in Shanghai,and their chemical compositions were also analysed.Theseresults indicate that:(1)The acidification of rain water is caused by sulphates in Shanghai;(2)The rain acidity is related to its chemical compositions.In cloud water and rain water with higherpH values(pH≥6.00),Ca^(2+)content is the highest,and with pH<5.00,SO_4=content is the high-est;(3)The acidification of altostratus (As) precipitation is mainly due to washout process belowthe cloud,and the rain acidity of nimbostratus (Ns) is mainly due to rainout process in the cloud.Further,the acidification of cloud water in Ns may be affected not only by the local air pollutantstransported upward but also by the distant air pollutants through the advection transportation.

关 键 词：云水 梅雨季节 离子浓度 组分分析 成分比 冲刷过程 云底 云系 近郊区 海盐核 

分 类 号：P4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]