畜禽保种“优化”方案分析(下)  

STUDY ON OPTIMUM PROGRAM OF ANIMAL AND POULTRY CONSERVATION

作　　者：吴常信[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学动物遗传育种研究室

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》1991年第3期1-5,共5页China Cattle Science

摘　　要：四、保种方式与世代间隔目前主要可以考虑采用活畜保种和冻胚保种两种方式。至于采用冻精方式,虽然可以少养甚至不养该品种的公畜,但仍需要有一定数量的母畜。冷冻胚胎如能长期保存,从理论上讲可以不再保留某个品种的活畜。因为用其它品种母畜作为受体即可繁殖出原来需要保存的品种。Minimum population size to conserve animal genetic resources was studied under the consideration of inbreeding and random drift.The effective population size (Ne)for conserving an animal breed,variety or strain was 100 for large animals and was 200 for small animals,in which the inbreeding coefficient was no more than 0.1 and random drift could be ignored within 100 years of human life time without significant depression.It was difficult to know the true Ne in a natural population because of the animal behaviour of social rank,especially to the males during the mating season.But to domestic animals,it was easy to control the family size,sex ratio and mating system. For economical reason,an appropriate sex ratio on domestic animals in a cons- erved population was 1 male to 5 females.Considering the generation interval,a suggestion of 30 males and 150 females for large animals like cattle and horse;60 males and 300 females for small animals like sheep,swine and poultry was present- ed.But 1/3 number of males and females could be reduced if the variance of family size was zero.

关 键 词：冻胚 世代间隔 冻精 冷冻胚胎 性别比例 畜种 配种年龄 近交退化 dairy 近交系数 

分 类 号：S8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]