上海城区雾的形成和特征  

THE FORMATION AND FEATURES OF FOG IN SHANGHAI URBAN AREA

作　　者：周淑贞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理系

出　　处：《应用气象学报》1991年第2期140-146,共7页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文对上海市区1984年全年27个雾日的天气形势和有关气象要素的变化作了比较深入的分析。发现上海该年出现4种雾类即:锋面雾(占40.7%)、辐射雾(占29.7%)、平流辐射雾(占18.5%)和平流雾(占11.1%)。并指出上海城市雾具有下述三个主要特征:(1)近数十年来年平均雾日数有递减趋势,近8年年平均雾日比前20年减少14.4天;(2)在城市辐射雾和平流辐射雾出现前,出现城市湿岛的机率高达92.3%,可作为这两种雾的先兆。在秋冬季节,在这两种雾中,还出现雾天城市湿岛效应;(3)有相当多的低相对湿度城市“浊雾”。This paper deals with the formation and classification of the fog in Shanghai urban area.Byanalysing the records 27 fog days during 1984,it is found that there are four types of fogs:frontalfog(accounting for 40.7%),radiation fog(accounting for 29.7%),advection radiation fog(ac-counting for 18.5%),and advection fog(accounting for 11.1%).Each type is explained in de-tail with some examples.In addition,using the Shanghai fog day data during 1951—1988,it ispointed out that:(1)In Shanghai urban area,the mean fog day becomes fewer,(2)Shanghai ur-ban fog is closely related to the urban moisture island,(3)The urban “pollutant fog”with the lowrelative humidity frequently occurs in Shanghai.

关 键 词：平流辐射雾 雾日 城市湿岛 锋面雾 城市雾 年平均 混合雾 递减趋势 暖湿空气 雾天 

分 类 号：P4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]