江苏棉花良种繁育技术研究进展  

Advances in Techniques of Producing Cotton Stock Seeds in Jiangsu Province

作　　者：狄文枝[1] 金芝芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农科所,江苏省盐城市224002

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》1991年第S1期42-47,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：自1949年以来,江苏棉花良种繁育技术研究取得了一定的成果。 品种内杂交在棉花良种繁育上的应用始于1956年,但棉花品种内杂交对提高产量,改进品质均无明显效果。1965年2月,农业部在江苏南通举办的全国棉花良种繁育讲习班上,讨论修改了1956年颁发的“关于棉花原种繁育工作方法<试行草案>”,废除了品种内杂交,确定了单株选择、分系比较和混系繁殖的改良混合选择法,即株行圃、株系圃和原种圃的“三圃制”。有关研究指出,原种三代皮棉产量比原种减产6.2—11.4％,田间纯度和纤维整齐度都下降到90％以下,故原种利用年限不宜超过三代。考查品种纯度的三个主要标准是:纤维整齐度应在80％以上,多毛大白子、绿子、稀毛子、稀毛绿子和光籽等杂子的比例小于5％;株型、铃型和叶型异于原品种的杂株率小于2％。实践上,应将这三者结合起来考查,才有更大的可靠性。 基于对棉花品种退化实质再认识而提出的棉花自交混繁法,于1989年3月通过江苏省科委组织的技术鉴定。该项研究在理论上有创新,技术上有突破,可以进行示范和推广,并在实践中进一步总结与完善。 随着科技、经济和社会的进步,对棉花原种生产提出了更高的要求,为适应棉花生产发展新形势的需要,针对现行棉种生产体制中存在的主要问题,江苏省盐城市创建了棉花“育种?This paper gives a summarization of what has been achieved since 1949 in research on techniques of producing cotton stock seeds in Jiangsu province. The application of intravarietal crossing began in 1956,but its effect was not significant for improving fiber qualities and raising the lint yield. The procedures of producing cotton stock seeds issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1965 was revised and a 'three-plot system' was recommended at a meeting on the production of cotton stock seeds held by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1965. The 'three plots' represented three steps, i. e. , selection of typical plants,comparison among lines,and multiplication of selected lines. Intravarietal crossing was abolished in this system. Trials indicated that,under this system,the lint yield of the third generation of renovated stock seed decreased by 6. 2-11. 4% than that of the first generation,and the field varietal purity and fiber length uniformity both dropped to below 90%. Therefore,the use of stock seed was limited in three generations. Three criteria for assessing cotton varietal purity were suggested:fiber length uniformity, above 80%;percentage of seeds with untypical color,size and hairiness,below 5% (percentage of plants with untypical plant type,boll and leaf shape,below 2%. Based on a further understanding of the substance of cotton varietal deterioration,a new method involving selfing and mixed-line multiplication was proposed to produce cotton stock seeds. It passed the examination of Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Commission in 1988,and has been adopted in Jiangsu and other provinces. Recently, a complete set of survice system from cotton cultivar breeding to multiplication and extension has been formed in Yancheng City,Jiangsu Privince,which is considered a step towards mord-ernized agriculture.

关 键 词：棉花 良种繁育 

分 类 号：S[农业科学]