显微组织对磨料磨损性能的影响  

EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON ABRASIVE WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS

作　　者：杨钢 沈梨庭 张清 

出　　处：《钢铁研究学报》1991年第S1期9-17,共9页Journal of Iron and Steel Research

摘　　要：本文研究了马氏体,贝氏体、残余奥氏体及马氏体—贝氏体混合组织在二体、三体磨料磨损下的磨损特性,对材料磨损表面及磨屑形貌进行了详细分析。结果表明,材料的磨料磨损主要由显微切削和显微裂纹两个因素控制,材料的耐磨性由其强度与韧性的配合所决定。马氏体组织的加工硬化速率及碳含量强烈影响其耐磨性,先转变少量下贝氏体对其耐磨性有益。下贝氏体组织在高应力磨料磨损下比相同硬度,或稍高硬度的回火马氏体组织具有较高的耐磨性,但在低应力磨损下表现为不利的作用。粗大的贝氏铁素体组织在两种磨损下都对耐磨性不利。马氏体—贝氏体混合组织比马氏体组织,贝氏体组织具有更高的耐磨性。残余奥氏体在二体高应力磨损下起非常有益的作用,在三体低应力磨损下则起不利的作用。Abrasive wear characteristics of alloy steel with the mi-crostructures of martensite, bainite, retained austenite and the mixture of martensite-bainite were investigated in two distinct wear systems and the morphology of both worn surface and wear debris was studied. The results show that the abrasive wear loss is mainly controlled by micro-cutting and microcracking. The wear resistance may be determined by the combination of strength and toughness.The abrasive wear resistance of mar-tensitic microstructure is strongly dependent on its work-hardening rate and its carbon content, and is improved by a small amount of prior-transformed bainite. Bainite has higher abrasive wear resistance than tempered martensite with equal or higher hardness in hard abrasion, but in reverse in soft abrasion. The large bainitic ferrite is harmful to abrasive wear resistance. The abrasive wear resistance of martensitic and bainitic microstructure is superior to that of tempered martensitic or bainitic microstructures. Retained austenite is beneficial to abrasive wear resistance in two-body abrasion, but harmful in three-body abrasion.

关 键 词：磨料磨损 残余奥氏体 贝氏体组织 硬化速率 下贝氏体 马氏体组织 铁素体组织 显微组织 混合组织 等温时间 

分 类 号：TF4-55[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]