当前世界环境状况  

The State of the World Environment

作　　者：李泓 

机构地区：[1]UNEP

出　　处：《世界环境》1990年第1期3-7,共5页World Environment

摘　　要：1.空气质量和大气排放物 1.1 空气质量长期以来空气污染在大多数国家都是一个重大环境问题,尤其是在城市和工业区,近年,特别是1970年以来,已经演变为区域和国际问题。它影响人类健康、农业、森林成长、水源、建筑物、文化古迹和景观等,总之,空气污染的代价是很高的。例如,法国因空气污染造成的经济损失达到国内总产值的1％,荷兰达2％。人类对空气污染的关切已导致各国和国际间采取了行动。许多国家,尤其是发达国家已成立监测系统来监测与评价空气质量,观察发展趋势,并评价空气污染与人类健康之间的关系。世界卫生组织1973年建立了一套全球监测系统,协助各国从事大气污染监测。The report presents the state of air and water quality, marine environment, land and wildlife in the world. In recent years, emissions of SO_2, SPM, NOx and CO have decreased or remained constant. But some cities have SO_2 and SPM above the upper WHO limits. Acidic deposition continues to be a major international environmental issue. In 1987 the Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution entered into force, requiring the reduction of SO_2 emissions by 30 per cent from 1980 level by 1993. CFCs that may reduce stratospheric ozone has triggered wide concern. The adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will play an active role in reducing CFCs production and use. The quality of water in rivers and streams is generally satisfactory. But some rivers contain nutrients higher than the natural average level. The state of water supply remains to be a matter of concern. About 42 per cent of the world rural population and 75 per cent of its urban people have access to clean water. Concern over marine pollution continues. Soil degradation continues to be an environment al problem. About 25400 million tonnes of soil is lost from the world every year. The excessive cutting of forests especially tropical rain forests conunues. The world's forests are disappearing at the rate of 15 million hectares each year. Deforestation accelerates the rate of soil loss and desertification.

关 键 词：空气污染 大气污染监测 年平均浓度 重大环境问题 全球监测 悬浮颗粒物 文化古迹 环境破坏 国际问题 监测系统 

分 类 号：X[环境科学与工程]