稀贵金属铑物料溶解技术研究进展  

Progress in Dissolution Technique of Precious Metal Rhodium Materials

作　　者：董海刚[1] 汪云华[1] 李柏榆[1] 范兴祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵研铂业股份有限公司,昆明贵金属研究所,稀贵金属综合利用新技术国家重点实验室,云南昆明650106

出　　处：《稀有金属》2011年第6期939-944,共6页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB735501)资助项目

摘　　要：稀贵金属铑物料的溶解是铑冶金领域不可或缺的环节,并且是公认的难题。铑物料溶解技术主要存在的问题在于:溶解周期长、溶解效率低、回收率低、试剂消耗量大、能耗高、操作过程复杂、返料多、环境污染严重等。铑的高效清洁溶解,保证铑的回收率一直是科研人员研究的重点,但大多数溶解技术仅处在实验室研究阶段,处理规模不大,工业化应用实施难度大。目前工业中应用的铑物料溶解技术主要是中温氯化-溶解法和硫酸氢钠(钾)熔融-溶解法,但也都存在不同程度的问题。通过对难溶稀贵金属铑物料的溶解技术研究进展情况进行较为全面的介绍;对各种溶解技术的关键技术进行分析;对各种溶解技术所存在的问题进行讨论,认为铑物料高效清洁的溶解新技术的研发及推广引用,是当前铑冶金领域迫切需要解决的问题;电化学溶解和微波溶解技术对环境污染较小,具有较大的发展潜力,但还需要在提高铑的溶解效率、保证铑的直收率等方面进行更为深入的研究;通过进一步深入系统了解和研究贵金属铑的性质,开发具有规模化、工业化应用的溶解新技术,实现铑物料的高效清洁溶解,提高铑的溶解效率,保证其回收率,是今后铑溶解技术发展的重要方向。The dissolution of precious metal rhodium material was an indispensable part and a recognized problem in the field of rhodium metallurgy.The main problems of the dissolution technique of precious metal rhodium materials were long dissolution period,low dissolution efficiency,high reagent consumption,great energy consumption,complex operation,more returning feeds,and serious environment pollution.Researchers always focused on high efficient and clean dissolution of rhodium and Rh recovery rate;however,all studies were in the period of laboratory level with small treatment sale,leading to few industrial applications.Industrially applied dissolution techniques of rhodium materials were intermediate temperature chloride-dissolution method and sodium（potassium） bisulfate fusion-dissolution method with some problems.In this work,the dissolution technique progress of the precious metal rhodium was introduced mainly;the key technique of dissolution was analyzed;problems in these techniques were discussed.It was concluded that the development and promotion of high efficient and clean dissolution of rhodium was an urgent issue in rhodium metallurgy.The electrochemistry dissolution and microwave dissolution technique with less environment pollution were under great development potential,needing more studies in the Rh dissolution efficiency and Rh recovery rate.Developing a large-scale and industrially applied new technology to achieve high efficient and clean dissolution of rhodium materials,improved the rhodium dissolution efficiency and ensured Rh recovery rate by knowing systematically characteristic of rhodium was the further important development direction of Rh dissolution technology.

关 键 词：铑 溶解技术 进展 

分 类 号：TF837[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]