日本劳资关系的新变化及其对中国的启示——基于法国调节学派制度理论的研究  

New Changes in the Japanese Labor Relations and the Implications for China——A Study Based on the Institutional Theory of the French Regulation School

作　　者：吕守军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《教学与研究》2011年第11期46-54,共9页Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"国外马克思主义经济理论前沿研究"(项目编号:10CJL001);上海市教委科研创新项目"法国调节学派最新发展研究"(项目编号:12ZS019)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,日本在劳资关系方面发生了深刻的变化,即对派遣制度的管制放松,非正规雇佣劳动者的人数增加,并由此导致了失业率上升、贫富差距扩大。本文基于法国调节学派的制度理论对日本劳资关系变化的原因、过程及其影响进行了考察。首先,为了凸显日本20世纪90年代以来劳资关系新变化的特征,从制度的阶层性和制度的互补性理论出发,对传统的日本型劳资关系的特征进行了概括;其次,从国际国内背景两个方面,对新变化发生的主要原因进行了梳理和分析,认为其国际背景是全球化、新自由主义学说和资本主义收敛理论的盛行,国内背景的宏观方面是日本政府进行了新自由主义结构改革,微观方面是日本企业的雇佣战略发生了转变,最终导致日本"削足适履"地引进和模仿了美国型劳资关系模式;最后,对日本劳资关系新变化及其影响进行理论上的批判,认为日本劳资关系的新变化是日本经济一蹶不振和长期萧条的一个重要原因,以期为中国劳动人事制度的调整及其政策制定提供可资借鉴的思想资源。Since the 1990s, Japan＇s labor relations have undergone profound changes. Cases in point include deregulation of the dispatch system, an increasing number of informal wage-earners, and the consequent rising unemployment rate and widened gap between the rich and the poor. This paper attempts to inspect the causes, the development course and the impact of the changes on Japan＇s labor relations by referring to the institutional theory of the French regulation school. First, the features of the traditional Japanese labor relations are generalized according to the theories of institutional hierarchical system and institutional complementary system. This is meant to demonstrate the characteristics of the new changes in the Japanese labor relations since the 1990s. Then, major causes for these changes are analyzed from the perspectives of domestic and international background. The author holds that the international background consists of globalization and the prevalence of neo-liberalism and the convergence theory of capitalism. The domestic background is of two factors, too. From the macro perspective the Japanese government had undergone neo-liberalist structural reforms; from the micro perspective the Japanese enterprises had changed their employment strategies. All this led to Japan＇s irrational imitation of the American model of labor relations. Finally, a theoretical critique of the new changes in the Japanese labor relations and their impact is presented. Conclusions are reached that the new changes in the Japanese labor relations are the major causes for the long-term depression of the Japanese economy, and the Japanese experience offers implications for the adjustment and policy making of the Chinese labor and personnel management system.

关 键 词：制度的阶层性 制度的互补性 新自由主义结构改革 新J型劳资关系 资本主义多样性 

分 类 号：F249.313[经济管理—劳动经济] F249.26[经济管理—国民经济]