不同城市机动车尾气排放比较及数据可分享性评价  

Vehicle emissions comparisons among different cities and a simple emission estimation approach

作　　者：宋宁[1] 张凯山[1] 李媛[1] 陈琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学建筑与环境学院,成都610065

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2011年第12期2774-2784,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：四川大学引进人才启动基金(No.JS20100324507093);教育部新世纪人才支持计划(No.NCET-10-0578)~~

摘　　要：针对我国绝大多数城市缺乏机动车相关基础数据的实际国情,探讨一种基础数据共享的可能性,用于城市机动车尾气排放清单的计算.以北京、上海、天津及成都4个城市为例,通过综合这些城市现有的机动车相关的基础数据(如机动车保有量,车龄分布,基于驾驶特征的发动机比功率(VSP),外界环境等),运用模型预测他们的机动车尾气排放并和相应城市已公布的预测值进行比较.结果表明,这几个城市的尾气排放因子有很强的相似性.而且,以成都市为例,预测的尾气排放总量与当地环保局公布的数值相比,就NOx和CO而言分别相差10.4%和1.4%;但就HC而言,相差较大,可达52.6%.尽管如此,分析表明在缺乏机动车相关的基础数据的条件下,现有的其他城市的基础数据可以用来粗略预测一般城市的机动车尾气排放的总体水平.The objectives of this paper are to compare the vehicle emissions among different cities in China,and to develop a simple vehicle emission estimation approach for cities without adequate resources for emission inventory development.Four metropolitan cities including Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin and Chengdu,were chosen for this study.Vehicle emissions in these four cities were estimated using the International Vehicle Emissions（IVE） model and the corresponding vehicle related data for each city.The vehicle related data included vehicle population,age distributions,vehicle-specific power（VSP） based driving characteristics,ambient conditions,and others.The averages of the vehicle related data were also used to derive a composite emission factor（CEF）.The comparison results showed that the emission factors among different cities in China were comparable due to similar vehicle techniques,driving cycles and others.Furthermore,the CEF could be used as a useful surrogate for vehicle emission inventory development for cities in China when there were not adequate information/resources available.For example,comparing the emission inventory using the CEF and the publicized data for Chengdu,the differences were only 1.4% and 10.4% for CO and NOx,respectively,although the difference was as high as 52.6% for HC due to some reasons.

关 键 词：机动车尾气 尾气排放因子 排放模型 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]