北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物健康风险评价  

Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in Urban-rural Juncture Belt Area

作　　者：周裕敏[1] 郝郑平[1] 王海林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境纳米材料研究室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第12期3566-3570,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21007082);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-WY-IS402)

摘　　要：采用低温固体吸附采样,热脱附-气相色谱-质谱方法对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了观测分析,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价四步法评价模型,对北京城乡结合地空气中挥发性有机物的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果表明,芳香族类的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-1数量级,卤代烃的非致癌风险值在10-4～10-5数量级,挥发性有机污染物的非致癌风险系数<1,不会对暴露人群健康造成明显的非致癌危害.但苯的致癌指数较高(2.21×10-5),超过了USEPA的建议值(1×10-6),可能对人体健康造成潜在危害.在一年四季的健康风险中,冬季VOCs的健康风险最高,秋季次之,夏季最低.A method for determining volatile organic compounds（VOCs） by cryogenic dynamic adsorption in solid adsorbent tubes,subsequent thermal desorption with cryofocusing in a cold trap and analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was adapted.An internationally recognized four-step evaluation model of health risk assessment（HRA） was adapted to preliminarily assess the health risks caused by volatile organic compounds（VOCs） in urban-rural juncture belt area in Beijing.Results of HRA indicated that non-carcinogenic risk indexes of VOCs are below 1 and non-carcinogenic risk indexes of aromatic substances range from 10-4-10-5,halohydrocarbons in the 10-4-10-1.Volatile pollutants would not cause non-carcinogenic health hazard to exposed population.However,the cancer risk index exposed to carcinogenic benzene was 2.21×10-5,which is higher than that suggested value of USEPA（1×10-6） and may cause potential harm to human health.The greatest health risk is in winter,followed by autumn,summer minimum.

关 键 词：北京 城乡结合地 挥发性有机物 健康风险评价 大气 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]