基于现场试验的石油类污染物自然衰减能力研究  

Research of the Natural Attenuation Capacity of Oil Pollutants Based on in-situ Experiment

作　　者：贾慧[1,2] 武晓峰[2] 胡黎明[2] 刘培斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国国际工程咨询公司,北京100048 [2]清华大学水文水资源研究所水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]北京市水利规划设计研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第12期3699-3703,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D07050601510000)

摘　　要：基于在北京地区某加油站开展的油类污染物自然衰减试验,通过氧平衡和碳平衡计算对加油站土壤内石油污染物的自然衰减方式进行了评价,利用一级衰减模型对该污染现场土壤中油污染物的降解速率和半衰期进行了计算,并在此基础上对该加油站包气带土壤的自然衰减能力和环境质量进行了评价.结果表明,该污染场地实际耗氧量小于污染物全部需氧降解所需要的理论耗氧量,检测到的CO2的量也远小于需氧降解的理论生成量;污染点石油污染物的半衰期约为50 d左右.根据以上结果得出以下结论:①该加油站地下土壤中实际发生的微生物降解既有需氧降解也有厌氧降解;②第一次监测时超过环境标准的苯浓度大约在250 d左右降至保护地下水的筛选值以下,污染点已经不存在环境风险,该污染现场的环境监控措施可以解除.Based on the results of the in-situ experiment carried out in a Beijing gas station,the ways of natural attenuation were evaluated as both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation via oxygen and carbon equilibrium calculation.And the research got the rates of the natural attenuation and half-life of the oil pollutants by using the first-order decay model.Based on the analysis,the capability of monitored natural attenuation and the environmental quality were evaluated.The results show that the actual oxygen consumption of contaminated site is less than that needed theoretically in aerobic degradation of all pollutants,while the amount of CO2 detected is far less than that in the aerobic degradation by theoretical formation.And the half-life of petroleum contaminants in contaminated site is about 50 days.The analysis indicated that： ①The ways of natural attenuation were proved as both aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation;②The contamination of the BTEX tested by the fist-step experiment fell below the environmental standard level after about 250 days＇ natural attenuation,which means the environmental risk in this gas station had been eliminated and the control measures could be removed.

关 键 词：油污染物 自然衰减 氧平衡 碳平衡 环境评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]