医院感染监测与控制  

SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

作　　者：顾红政[1] 曹卫平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省镇江市第四人民医院医务部,镇江212001

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2011年第23期4896-4898,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解医院感染发生现况,为医院感染的控制与管理提供科学依据。[方法]采用回顾性调查方法,对2009年1~12月住院患者进行全面综合性监测。[结果]（1）医院感染发病率为3.9%,漏报率为3.0%。（2）医院感染重点发病科室为ICU、精神科和内科。（3）医院感染部位以上呼吸道、下呼吸道、消化道和泌尿道为主。（4）医院感染的病原菌主要是条件致病菌,依次为铜绿假单胞菌、真菌、肺炎克雷佰杆菌、大肠杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、产气肠杆菌、肠球菌等。（5）抗菌素总的使用率为77.61%,使用率较高的科室有ICU、新生儿、儿科、产科、外科,均超过医院感染管理规范规定的≤50%的范围,三联以上抗菌素使用较高的科室有ICU、骨科、综合内科、普外科和妇科等。[结论]应加强重点科室和高发部位医院感染的管理,规范化使用抗菌药物,针对医院感染发生的相关环节采取相应措施,从而有效地降低医院感染的发生。[Objective]To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection（NI）in our hospital,analyze the related factors,and provide theoretical basis for between prevention and control of NI.[Methods]The inpatients in our hospital from Jan 2009 to Dec 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.[Results]（1）The nosocomial infection rate in hospital was 3.9%,and the miss rate was 3.0%.（2）Most of the patients were in ICU,psychiatric department and internal department.（3）The main nosocomial infection sites were upper respiratory tract,lower respiratory tract,digestive tract and urinary tract.（4）The main pathogens for nosocomial infection were P.Aeruginosa,fungus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,colon bacillus,enterobacter cloacae,Clostridium perfringens and E.faecium,etc.（5）The utilization rate of antibiotics was 77.61%,and the high utilization rates of antibiotics in ICU,Neonate,Pediatrics and Obstetrics Departments were significantly more than 50%.The combination of three antibiotics were high used in ICU,Orthopedics,Comprehensive Internal Department,Surgery and Gynaecology department.[Conclusion]We should enhance the management in departments with nosocomial infection and normalize the usage of antibiotics.We could take measures to prevent the occurance of nosocomial infection in hospitals.

关 键 词：医院感染 监测 控制 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]