论不可抗力下担保物毁损灭失的风险承担——兼论汶川、玉树地震的风险承担规则  

On the Risk-bearing of the Damageor Loss of Collateral under Force Majeure——Based on the Analysis of Risk-bearing in Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquake

作　　者：贾清林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《安徽大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第6期117-124,共8页Journal of Anhui University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：在不可抗力条件下担保物毁损灭失风险应由谁承担,既关系到相关主体的利益,也牵动着整个社会的敏感神经,而我国目前法律对担保物毁损灭失风险的承担又鲜有规定。根据对相关法条的理解以及法理,不可抗力下担保物毁损灭失的风险应由担保物的提供人(债务人或担保人)承担,但汶川、玉树地震中贷款损失却采取了银行(债权人)承担风险的规则。"风险应分配给那些最有能力承担风险的人"的风险管理理论应该成为我国确立担保物毁损灭失风险承担的基本指导原则。在担保融资法律关系中,作为最有能力承担担保物毁损灭失风险的银行责无旁贷,这既与践行的规则相符,也能体现国情民意,且有利于最终通过保险解决担保物毁损灭失的风险承担问题。Who bears the risk of damage or loss of collaterals under force majeure invotves interests of related subjects and is a major concern of the whole society. However, legislations in this respect are insufficient in China at present. According to related regulations and jurisprudence, the provider of collaterals, i. e. , the debtor or the guarantor should bear the risk of the damage or loss of collaterals under force majeure. Nonetheless, it was the bank （creditor） that took the risk of loss of collaterals in the earthquake occurring at Wenchuan and Yushu. ＂Allocation of risks by placing the responsibility on the person who is most able to bear it＂ should be the basic principle in ascertaining risk-bearing of damage or loss of collaterals. In financing legislation, the bank, as the most able party, should bear the risk without doubt. This complies with practicing rule, national conditions and will of the people and thereby risk - bearing concerning the damage or loss of collaterals can be more effectively addressed by means of insurance.

关 键 词：不可抗力 担保物 毁损灭失 风险 风险承担 

分 类 号：D922.282[政治法律—经济法学]