铜尾矿区9种优势植物体内重金属和氮磷含量研究  

An investigation of heavy-metal,nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in nine dominant plant species in a copper mine tailings area

作　　者：张宏[1,2] 沈章军[1,3] 陈政[1] 安宗胜[1] 孙庆业[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学生命科学学院,安徽省生态工程与生物技术重点实验室,安徽合肥230039 [2]江苏电大昆山学院,江苏苏州215300 [3]合肥师范学院生命科学系,安徽合肥230061

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第10期1478-1484,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201009041-02);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA06Z359)

摘　　要：以杨山冲铜尾矿废弃地人工覆土上生长的9种优势植物为研究对象,探讨不同植物对尾矿基质中重金属和氮磷的吸收特性以及与基质理化性质之间的关联。土壤样品采集时沿基质垂直方向分为4层：A层（覆土层0~5 cm）、B层（覆土层5~20 cm）、C层（尾砂层20~25 cm）、D层（尾砂层25~40 cm）,植物样品采集时草本植物分地上和地下2部分、木本植物分根、茎和叶3部分采集。结果表明：随着9种植物生长,A层和B层基质理化性质得到明显的改善。主要表现在A层中w（总氮）、w（氨氮）、w（硝氮）、w（有效磷）和w（有机质）显著高于C、D层（P〈0.05）,B层中w（有效态Cu）、w（有效态Zn）显著低于A、C、D层（P〈0.05）。9种优势植物对Cu、Pb、Zn的吸收和积累能力具有明显差异性,其中草本植物以根系积累为主,木本植物以叶片积累为主。草本植物对尾矿基质表现出较强的适应性和耐性,其中毛叶荩草（Arthraxon prionodes）根系中Cu、Pb、Zn的富集量均最大,耐性表现最突出,是较为理想的铜尾矿基质的修复物种。另外,本研究还发现,9种植物体内氮磷质量分数也各不相同,其中木本植物叶中氮磷质量分数均大于根、茎。木本植物体内w（总氮）与w（总磷）、w（Cu）、w（Zn）相关性较好,草本植物体内w（Cu）、w（Pb）、w（Zn）之间相关性较好,表明彼此之间存在一定的促进作用。In this study nine dominant plants grown on the artificial covered soil slopes of Yangshanchong copper mine tailings as research objects,and explore different plants uptake of heavy metals,nitrogen and phosphorus from tailings substrste and correlation between substrate physicochemical properties.Soil samples collected along the substrate vertical direction is divided into four layers： A layer（soil layer 0-5 cm）,B layer（soil layer 5-20 cm）,C layer（tailings layer 20-25 cm）,D layer（tailings layer 25-40 cm）.Herbaceous plants were divided into the ground and underground two parts,woody plants were divided into roots,stems and leaves three parts while plant samples collected.The results showed that,with the nine kinds of plants grown,Physicochemical properties were obviously improved of A layer and B layer substrate.Mainly displays in total nitrogen,ammoniacal nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter of A layer was significantly higher than C,D layer（P0.05）,and available Cu,Zn of B layer were significantly lower than A,C,D layer（P0.05）.The ability of nine dominant plants uptake and accumulation of Cu,Pb and Zn has the obvious difference,in which most of heavy metal was deposited in the underground parts of the herbaceous plants,and most of heavy metal was deposited in the leaves of the woody plants.Herbaceous plants show the stronger adaptability and tolerance of tailings substrate than woody plants,in which the content of Cu,Pb,Zn in roots of Arthraxon prionodes was the most largest,the performance of tolerance was the most outstanding,and was the ideal copper tailings substrate repair species.Besides,this research also found that the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of nine dominant plants has the obvious difference,in which the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of leaves of woody plants was higher than roots and stems.Better correlations existed between total nitrogen and total phosphorus,Cu,Zn of woody plants,between Cu,Pb,Zn of herbaceo

关 键 词：铜尾矿 优势植物 重金属 吸收 耐性 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]