固定化微生物技术在大气恶臭污染物处理中应用研究进展  

Recent advance in immobilized microorganisms' technology and its application in the treatment of atmospheric odorous pollutants

作　　者：万顺刚[1,2] 李桂英[1] 安太成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第10期1575-1584,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技项目(2009B030400001;2011A030700003;2009B091300023;2009A030902003);中国科学院院地合作项目(ZNGZ-2011-005)

摘　　要：恶臭污染物(Odor pollutants)是指一切刺激嗅觉器官引起人们不愉快感觉以及损害生活环境的恶臭气味物质的统称。文章首先简要地介绍了大气中恶臭污染物的来源、分类以及危害等,指出大气恶臭污染物的主要来源主要包括农牧业来源、工业生产过程来源和城市垃圾处理恶臭污染来源等;其次,文章对能够处理大气恶臭污染物的反应器类型及其应用现状进行了系统的总结,提出能够应用于大气恶臭污染物处理的固定化微生物技术主要包括生物过滤池、生物滴滤塔和生物膜反应器等;同时着重综述了处理大气中恶臭污染物的影响因素,如底物、微生物、填料、微生物固定化方法、pH值和温度等因素对大气中恶臭污染物净化效率的影响,并且对固定化微生物技术生物转化与生物降解恶臭污染物的微观机理进行了一定的归纳与总结;最后还对固定化微生物技术在处理恶臭污染物方面的应用和未来发展趋势进行了展望,指出如果要真正实现固定化微生物技术在大气恶臭污染物处理中的工业化应用,今后还需要加强以下几个方面的研究工作:优势微生物菌剂的培育、固定化载体的开发与改良、固定微生物反应器的构建与优化和固定化微生物技术与其它单元技术的联用等。Odor pollutants are group odorous waste gases,which can not only stimulate the olfactory organ and lead to unpleasant feelings,but also deteriorate the living environment of human being.In this paper,firstly,the source,classification and harm to human being of the odor pollutants was briefly introduced,and point out that the source of the odor pollutants in the atmosphere was mainly found from the agriculture and the industrial process as well as the pollution from the treatment of urban garbage.Secondly,various types of the immobilized microorganisms＇ reactor and their advance in the treatment of odor pollutants were systematically described.The biofilters,biotrickling filters and biofilm reactors were found as the mainstream bioreactor for odorous waste gases removal.Thirdly,the key parameters,including substrates,microorganisms,packing materials,the microbial immobilization methods,pH values and temperatures which affect the odor pollutants removal capability were also summarized in detail.Besides,the biodegradation mechanisms of various odor pollutants by immobilized microorganisms were also briefly developed.Finally,the application and development trendy of the immobilized microorganisms＇ technology for treatment of the odorous pollutants was prospected,and several points,such as the selection and culture of superior microorganism,the optimization of immobilized carrier,the fabrication and improvement of the bioreactor,and the integration of these biotechnologies with other technologies,need to be improved,if the immobilized microbial technology will be truly utilized for the practical treatment in industrial odorous pollutants.

关 键 词：恶臭污染物 固定化微生物技术 生物过滤池 生物滴滤塔 膜生物反应器 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]