不同海拔两种天麻仿野生栽培下产量和品质变化  

Yield and Quality Variation in Two Varieties of Gastrodia elata Blume in Bionic Wild Cultivation at Different Altitudes

作　　者：曾勇[1,2] 蔡传涛[1] 刘贵周[1] 文平 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]大方县九龙天麻开发有限公司,贵州大方551600

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2011年第5期637-643,共7页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD53B04);中国科学院科技支黔项目(ZQ-08-02)

摘　　要：为促进黔西北天麻的稳产高产以及山区经济的发展,本研究采用完全试验设计的方法,对天麻(Gastrodiaelata Blume)进行仿野生有性繁殖试验,探讨不同海拔下2个天麻品种在产量和品质上的变化,以及栽培天麻的经济效益分析。结果表明,在产量上,海拔1400～1800 m范围内,红、绿天麻以1800 m处的产量最高,其中红天麻的箭麻产量(2836.80 g/m2)、麻种产量(3799.90 g/m2)和箭麻数(38.33个/m2)均显著高于绿天麻;在品质上,红、绿天麻以1800 m处品质最优,其中红天麻在折干率(16.33%)上显著低于绿天麻(19.25%),而在天麻素(4.43‰)和天麻多糖含量(36.63%)上则高于绿天麻(4.26‰,31.10%)。通过对不同海拔下2种天麻的经济效益分析可知,对黔西北地区来说,在海拔1800 m处栽培红天麻能获得较高的经济效益。Gastrodia elata Blume is a rare species because of its value in Chinese traditional medicine and extensive exploitation.To improve the yield and quality of G.elata and to promote the development of the social economy in northwestern Guizhou Province,we carried out complete test design experiments to mimic sexual reproduction of wild G.elata to investigate the yield and quality of two varieties of G.elata planted at different altitudes,and to analyze their economic effectiveness.Within an altitude range of 1400-1800 m,G.elata had the hig-hest yield at an altitude of 1800 m,with yield of mature tuber（2836.80 g/m2） and immature and juvenile tuber（3799.90 g/m2） and the number of mature tubers（38.33 individuals/m2） of Gastrodia elata Bl.f.elata higher than Gastrodia elata Bl.f.viridis Makino.Furthermore,G.elata had the best quality when planted at an altitude of 1800 m.Although the dry rate of G.elata f.elata（16.33%） was significantly lower than G.elata f.viridis（19.25%）,its gastro-din（4.43‰） and polysaccharide（36.63%） contents were higher than G.elata f.viridis.Based on the economic effectiveness analysis of two varieties of G.elata at different altitudes in northwestern Guizhou Province,G.elata f.elata cultivated an altitude of 1800 m would be most economical.

关 键 词：海拔 品种 仿野生栽培 天麻 经济效益 

分 类 号：Q949.95[生物学—植物学] S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]