构造地球化学的回顾与展望  

Tectono-Geochemistry:A Review

作　　者：吕古贤[1,2] 孙岩[3] 刘德良[4] 吴学益[5] 刘瑞珣[6] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [3]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京210093 [4]中国科技大学地球和空间科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [5]中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州贵阳550002 [6]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100571

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2011年第4期479-494,共16页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40972061;40772142;40572127;49672152;40634022);国土资源部科技发展计划重点项目(编号:2002201);科技部基础司特别支持项目(国科高〔1994〕83号)

摘　　要：较早的构造地球化学研究思想是"经受着变形的岩石可以发生化学变化"(Sorby,1863)。经过长期、广泛和深入研究,相继提出了应力矿物、构造变质、构造动力成岩成矿、改造成矿、构造相和构造地球化学等概念和认识,揭示了构造作用在控制岩石形成和变形过程中还影响其中地球化学元素的分布、分异和成矿等,推动了大地构造、区域地质、岩石学、矿床学、显微构造、地球化学和实验地质学等学科的发展。构造地球化学的动力学机理尚存在理论难题。构造可以影响岩石的变形,但是构造差应力不能直接影响流体,一般也不能单一地制约化学平衡过程。近年,研究者提出分解构造应力场的思路,区别岩石的形状变形和体积变形,把引起体积改变的各向等压正应力部分称为构造附加静压力,或构造附加压力。构造附加压力可以影响化学反应过程,其研究深入于构造物理化学这一新领域,能够推动构造地球化学的理论发展。基于构造地球化学的进展和文献分析认为,构造结合岩相、改造结合建造的研究是构造地球化学发展的前提,构造定量化和流变学研究是发展构造地球化学的基础,理论和实验研究是构造地球化学深化和发展的必由之路,超微观纳米结构等研究是构造地球化学的新层次,构造物理化学分析是构造地球化学的发展趋势。The earlier thinking for tectono-geochemistry was ＂the rocks enduring deformation can have chemical changes＂（Sorby,1863）.After a long extensive and in-depth study,some associated concepts and understandings have been proposed in tectono-geochemistry,including stress mineral,tectonic metamorphism,structural dynamic diagenetic mineralization,transformation of mineralization,tectonic facies and tectono-geochemistry.This field revealed plenty phenomena about tectonism controlling the rock formation and the deformation process,the distribution and differentiation of elements,petrogenesis,and mineralization,and at the same time promoted the development of different areas,including geotectonics,regional geology,petrology,mineral deposits,microscopic structure,geochemistry,and experimental geology.The theoretical problem is still existed in kinetic mechanism of tectono-geochemistry.Tectonic can affect the deformation of rocks,but its tectonic difference stress can not directly affect the fluid,thus can not independently constraint the process of chemical equilibrium in general.In recent years,researchers have proposed the idea of decomposing tectonic stress field,distinguishing shapes and volume and volume change of rocks,equal positive stress in different directions which caused the change of volume are called additional tectonically-induced static pressure or the additional tectonic stress.Additional tectonic stress can affect chemical reaction process,thus,it stresses more about the new field of tectono-geochemistry and promotes the theoretical development of tectono-geochemistry.Based on the progress in the tectono-geochemistry and literature analysis,the study on the tectonic combined facies and transformation with formation is the premise of the development of tectono-geochemistry,the tectonic quantification and rheology are the basis,theory and experiment are the only road of its deepening and development.Ultra-micro-nano-structure research is to construct a new level of tectonic physicochemical analysis i

关 键 词：构造地球化学 构造变质 构造动力成岩成矿 改造成矿 构造附加静压力 构造物理化学 流变学 应力矿物 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]