高含沙水流的整体停滞淤积及其影响  

Whole stagnating boundary siltation of hyperconcentrated flow and its influences

作　　者：秦毅[1] 李子文[1] 曹如轩[1] 万俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点试验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《水利学报》2011年第11期1302-1307,共6页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(2011CB403305);水利部公益性行业科研专项资助(201001059)

摘　　要：河流泥沙的整体贴边停滞淤积是高含沙水流物理力学性质决定的一种泥沙运动停滞现象。它的形成与消亡对高含沙河流的洪水演进、河道演变及河道水文要素的变化有着重要影响。本文从高含沙水流的物理力学特性分析入手,探讨整体贴边淤积的形成机理,认识它的作用。研究表明:层流条件下的高含沙水流具有静态剪切应力,其大小与浑液的含沙量和相对静止时间成正比,与粒径成反比,是导致高含沙水流层流区的运动阻力随着时间增大、出现整体停滞淤积的主要原因。高含沙水流出现的许多独特现象可以从整体停滞淤积得到解释。对静态剪切应力和整体停滞淤积的认识将有助于高含沙洪水演进、河床演变和黄河水沙调控体系中的水沙调度等相关领域的研究。When hyperconcentrated sediment flow passing through a channel,a homogeneous standing layer composed of muddy water can be found closely near the boundary of the channel. Since the flow within the layer is almost ceased,it is called a whole stagnating boundary siltation. Development and attenuation of the layer influences the channel flood routing,channel deformation and hydrological factors change in muddy water river. Based on the experiment results,the mechanism of the layer formation was studied and discussed in this paper. It was found that when the muddy flow is in laminar state,there is a static shear stress whose value increases with sediment content and relative resting time and negatively proportional to particle size. The shear stress is the main cause results in the increase of the resistance of hypoconcentrated laminar flow following the time and forming. This new idea is helpful to clearify the phenomenon of whole stagnating boundary siltation and its effects on flood propogation,river bed evolution and water-silt regulation technology whole stagnating boundary siltation.

关 键 词：高含沙水流 静态剪切应力 水流阻力 整体停滞淤积 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]