额尔古纳河洪水淹没模拟及湿地植被变化分析  

Simulation of flood inundation and analysis on dynamic variation of wetlands for Argun River

作　　者：余晓[1] 李翀[1] 王昊[2] 王义成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044 [2]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《水利学报》2011年第11期1308-1315,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2007FY210100);自然科学基金项目(40865005);中国水科院科研专项(环集0903)

摘　　要：额尔古纳河是中俄两国界河,缺乏完整的地形数据,难以使用常规方法建立水动力学模型。USGS3s分辨率(约30m)的DEM数据是共享数据,但局部精度略低,本文使用从Google Earth图像提取的河道和湿地数据,修正了这一数据集,获得了这条无资料界河的地形数据。通过一维非恒定流水动力学模型MIKE11的模拟获得了年最大洪水淹没面积,将从2000年9月TM遥感图像提取的湿地范围同模型模拟的同年最大洪水淹没范围进行比较,二者吻合程度较高,前者几乎是后者的外包络,说明经修正的DEM数据基本可用。由MODIS EVI数据提取的2000—2009年增强型植被指数年最大值(YEVI)结果显示额尔古纳河干流区间二卡-黑山头段近10年湿地植被存在明显退化的趋势,并且YEVI与年最大洪水淹没面积间存在显著的正相关关系。研究结果表明洪水是改善额尔古纳河流域湿地植被的一个正向驱动力。The Argun River is a boundary river between China and Russia,which is an ungauged basin without sufficient hydrological and topographic data. Thus,it is impossible to apply a hydrodynamic model to the river in a conventional way. The USGS 3 second DEM data（approximately 30m resolution） is a public resource,but less accurate in some areas. In this study,the USGS 3 second DEM data set was modified by river and wetlands information extracted from Google Earth images,and the annual maximum inundation area was simulated through model MIKE11,a one-dimensional unsteady hydrodynamic model. Wetlands area extracted from TM images（Sept,2000） was compared with simulated maximum flood area in the same year and the result shows that the former and latter overlap well and the latter almost includes all the former. The annual highest MODIS EVI（YEVI） shows significant degradation in 2000—2009 in the reach from Erka to Heishantou along the Argun River. There is significantly positive correlation between the YEVI value and the annual maximum inundation area. The larger the inundation area,the higher the YEVI value and the better the vegetation. It suggests that the flood is a major positive driving force behind the vegetation change in the Argun River basin.

关 键 词：无资料流域 洪水淹没 USGS 30m DEM 额尔古纳河湿地 植被变化趋势 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]