放射性废物的SHS固化处理研究及应用  

Radioactive Waste Immobilisation by Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis: A Review

作　　者：秦志桂[1,2] 毛仙鹤[2] 陈旻[2] 袁晓宁[2] 刘宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学原子核科学技术研究所辐射物理及技术教育部重点实验室,成都610064 [2]西北核技术研究所,西安710024

出　　处：《材料导报》2011年第21期71-75,90,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(1047601521071102)

摘　　要：采用自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS)固化处理放射性废物是固化方法新的研究方向。分析探讨了SHS固化处理方法的固化机理、研究现状及固化特点。SHS固化具有工艺简单、能量利用效率高、处理过程快速、成本低廉等优点,可针对不同类型的放射性废物选择合适的反应体系,进行产物设计,可直接应用到废物处置点或实现废物就地处置。介绍了近期笔者采用铝热剂自蔓延高温合成固化处理爆炸过程产生的有毒物质和受锕系核素污染的砂土及时两种形态的核废物的模拟固化实验研究。The immobilization of radioactive waste using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis processes is a new research direction. Solidification theories, status of solidification research and solidification characteristics of SHS immobilization are analyzed and discussed quite systematically. SHS immobilization has some merits, such as simply process, excellent energy utilization efficiency, low time consumption and low cost for facility construction. It can select the appropriate reaction system for different types of radioactive waste, and design for the composition of product. It can enable immobilization to be deployed directly at disposal sites or in situ. Simulating experiments are conducted for immobilization of two forms nuclear waste introduced by SHS method of thermite,one form is toxic materials under explosion, the other form is sandy soils contaminated with actinides.

关 键 词：放射性废物 自蔓延高温合成 固化铝热剂 污染砂土锕系核素 

分 类 号：TQ174[化学工程—陶瓷工业]