饮用水源中有机磷农药的应急预处理技术研究  

Emergency pretreatment technologies for removal of organophosphorus pesticides from drinking water sources

作　　者：凌文翠[1] 张涛[1] 强志民[1] 李伟伟[1] 申若昊[1] 王璐 张忠国 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]北京市自来水集团公司第九水厂,北京100092 [3]轻工业环境保护研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2011年第12期2641-2646,共6页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)重大项目(2008AA06A414);国家科技支撑课题(2006BAJ08B02);国家水专项(2008ZX07421-004)

摘　　要：有机磷农药的大量生产和使用对饮用水安全造成了潜在的巨大威胁。为了在饮用水源突发有机磷农药污染时保证饮用水安全,在水源水中进行了高锰酸钾氧化、粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附、臭氧氧化、O3/PAC和O3/H2O2 5种预处理技术对4种有机磷农药(乐果、敌敌畏、马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷)的去除效果对比研究。实验结果表明,当水中乐果、敌敌畏浓度为266μg/L、3.6μg/L时,0.5 mg/L的高锰酸钾不能将其去除达标(国家生活饮用水卫生标准,GB 5749-2006);PAC对乐果和敌敌畏的吸附效果良好,20 mg/L的PAC能将低浓度的乐果(241μg/L)和中低浓度的敌敌畏(3.0～9.3μg/L)去除达标;臭氧对4种农药均有较好的去除效果,当CT(浓度×时间)值为17 mg.min/L时,除高浓度的乐果(729μg/L)和甲基对硫磷(276μg/L)外,其余农药均可以去除达标;采用O3/PAC和O3/H2O2高级氧化预处理,高浓度的乐果(629～710μg/L)和甲基对硫磷(364～428μg/L)均可迅速去除达标。The extensive production and use of organophosphorus pesticides pose a great threat to drinking water safety. Emergency pretreatment is required in case of unexpected pollution of drinking water sources by these pesticides. Five emergency pretreatment technologies, including permanganate oxidation, powder activated carbon （PAC） adsorption, ozonation, O3/PAC and O3/H2O2, were comparatively investigated for treatment of four organophosphorus pesticides （di- methoate, dichlorvos, malathion and parathion-methyl） in a source water. Results show that 0. 5 mg/L permanganate could not remove dimethoate and dichlorvos to below the maximum contamination level （MCL, as regulated by the Drink- ing Water Quality Standards of China, GB 5749-2006） at the initial concentration of 266μg/L and 3.6μg./L. PAC was relatively more effective in the removal of dimethoate and dichlorvos from water. Dimethoate at a low level （241μg/L） and diehlorvos at a low to medium level （3.0 ~ 9.3μg/L） were removed to below their MCLs by 20 mg/L PAC adsorp- tion. Ozonation was efficient in removing all the four pesticides. An ozone exposure of 17 mg · min/L （CT, concentration time） effectively decomposed all the four pesticides to below their MCLs except a high level of dimethoate （729μg/L） and parathion-methyl （276μg/L）. O3/PAC and O3/H202, classified as advanced oxidation processes, could quickly de- compose a high level of dimethoate （629 ~710μg/L） and parathion-methyl （364 ~428μg/L） to below their MCLs.

关 键 词：应急预处理技术 有机磷农药 饮用水源 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]