危险化学品事故人员防护与避难方式研究  

Research on Personal Protection and Shelter Manner in Hazardous Chemicals Accidents

作　　者：赵永华[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家安全生产监督管理总局化学品登记中心

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2011年第9期131-137,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家软科学研究计划(2008GXS5B093)

摘　　要：危险化学品事故发生后,参与事故救援的应急人员穿戴合适的个体防护装备,受到事故影响的公众采取恰当的避难方式,是防止事故继续造成人员伤亡的关键。通过分析国内外应急人员防护标准的差异,探讨呼吸防护用品、化学防护服选择的主要影响因素和程序,提出了根据有害环境的危害程度、应急人员的职责选择个体防护装备的原则。研究国外在避难方式上的研究成果和做法,分析了影响避难方式选择的因素,提出了避难场所室内化学品浓度估算方法以及根据临界浓度选择避难方式的原则。利用提出的原则,应急人员可以选择更适合的个体防护装备,公众可以采取更安全的避难方式,从而防止或减轻危险化学品的伤害。The proper personal protective equipment worn by the emergency personals involved in the rescue of accident and the appropriate manner of shelter taken by the public suffered from the effects of accidents,are the keys to prevent accidents continuing causing casualties after hazardous chemicals accidents.The differences of emergency personal protective standards between home and abroad were analyzed,the main affecting factors and procedures for the selection of the respiratory protective equipment and chemical protective apparel were discussed,then the principles of selecting personal protective equipment according to the hazard level of harmful environmental and the responsibilities of emergency persons were proposed.The abroad achievement and practice on the manner of shelter were studied,and the factors affecting the selection of the manner of shelter were also analyzed.Finally,the method to estimate indoor chemical concentration and the principles of selecting the manner of shelter based on critical chemical concentration were offered.By use of the proposed principles,emergency personals can select more appropriate personal protective equipment and the public can take safer manners of shelter to prevent or mitigate the harm of hazardous chemicals.

关 键 词：危险化学品 事故 人员防护 疏散 就地避难 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学]