不同下垫面土壤凝结水特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of Soil Condensation Water and Its Influencing Factors on Different Underlying Surfaces in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

作　　者：郭斌[1,2] 陈亚宁[1] 郝兴明[1] 李宝富[1,2] 曹志超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,中国科学院荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2011年第11期1963-1974,共12页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2010CB951003);中国科学院重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q10-3-3);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划(RCPY200903);国家自然科学基金(91025025)

摘　　要：凝结水是干旱区生态系统重要的水分来源。2010年6—7月采用底部连通和不连通的微渗计对塔里木河下游地区胡杨林、柽柳丛和裸地3种典型下垫面土壤凝结水的变化特征、形成时间及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:①观测期间研究区裸地土壤凝结水总量最多,其次为柽柳丛的,而胡杨林的最小,其凝结水总量分别为2.60、2.49、1.26 mm,方差分析显示,不同下垫面类型土壤的日均凝结水量之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01);②凝结过程一般从22:00持续到次日8:00,晴天日出后一定时间范围内凝结现象仍继续发生,3种下垫面土壤凝结水量的变化趋势均呈双峰曲线,2:00～4:00左右达到第1个峰值,第2个峰值出现在8:00左右;③连通微渗计产生的凝结水量显著高于不连通微渗计的(t<0.01)。凝结水量主要受气温、大气相对湿度、地温、风速以及下垫面等因素的影响。Condensation water is an important source of water for ecosystem in arid region.Connected and unconnected micro-lysimeters were used to study the variation characteristics of soil condensation amounts,condensation processes and its influencing factors on three underlying surfaces（Populus euphratica forest,Tamarix bosk and bare land） in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.The results showed that the total soil condensation amount on bare land was more than that on Tamarix bosk and Populus euphratica forest,and the value was 2.60,2.49 and 1.26 mm,respectively.ANOVA analysis results indicated that the average daily soil condensation amounts on different underlying surfaces were significantly different（P0.01）.Condensation water began at 22：00 and ended at 8：00 the next morning,and a continuous condensation water was also observed after sunrise.Diurnal dynamics trend of soil condensation amounts on three underlying surfaces showed a clear double-peak curve,with the first peak value at 2：00-4：00 and the second at 8：00.Condensation amounts in connected micro-lysimeters were significantly more than that in unconnected micro-lysimeters（t0.01）.And condensation water was mainly affected by air temperature,air relative humidity,soil temperature,wind speed and underlying surface.The results may assist in the calculation of rational ecological water demand and ecological restoration in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.

关 键 词：塔里木河 干旱区 凝结水 胡杨林 柽柳丛 裸地 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]