滩涂贝类养殖环境研究现状与展望  

Current Status and Prospect of Research on the Shellfish Culture Environment in the Intertidal Areas

作　　者：夏培艳[1,2,3] 沈新强[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2011年第4期546-553,共8页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目--国家贝类产业技术体系建设(CARS-48);国家科技支撑计划资助项目--海水滩涂贝类养殖环境特征污染物甄别及安全性评价标准研究(2009BADB7B02)

摘　　要：沿海滩涂作为海岸带的重要组成部分,具有重要的生态以及社会、经济价值。滩涂贝类养殖是滩涂开发的主要方式之一,但是伴随其养殖规模的扩大,滩涂底质的老化,以及陆源污染的加剧,滩涂贝类养殖环境日益恶化,贝类病害日趋严重,严重阻碍了滩涂贝类养殖业的进一步发展。为研究滩涂贝类养殖环境的可开发空间,分别从滩涂养殖环境中的微生物、底栖生物以及化学污染角度,论述了滩涂贝类养殖环境各要素和污染因子监测的研究现状,并总结了国内外学者的研究成果,指出在养殖环境污染的生物修复、养殖环境容量、贝类食品安全问题等方面存在的不足和亟需解决的问题,应加强相关研究力度,以期为保持滩涂养殖环境的生态系统平衡、控制养殖环境的污染、促进养殖生产的可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。As an important component of coastal zone, the intertidal area is greatly significant in ecology, society and economy. Shellfish aquacuhure is one of the main exploitations in the intertidal areas. With the continuous exploitation, the bottom-material degradation and the increasing of pollutants from the land, however, the shellfish culture environment in the intertidal areas has been deteriorated increasingly, which has seriously hindered the further exploitations of shellfish aquaculture in the intertidal areas. For the purposes of scientific culture of shellfish and pollution control of environment in the intertidal areas, the current status of the researches on monitoring of all elements and pollution factors of the shellfish culture en vironment in the intertidal areas is introduced, from the points of microbiology, benthic ecology and ecological chemistry of pollution in the intertidal environment, and the research results from the scholars at home and abroad are summarized. Meanwhile, the problems that are present or need to be solved in the future development of shellfish culture in the intertidal areas have been put forward, which include the confirmation of carrying capacity, the establishment of health cultivation model and the bioremediation of contaminated environment.

关 键 词：滩涂 贝类 养殖环境 污染物监测 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]