比较优势、FDI与中国农产品产业国际竞争力——基于全球价值链背景下的思考  

Comparative Advantage, FDI and International Competitiveness of China’s Agricultural Products Industry

作　　者：刘林青[1] 周潞[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2011年第12期39-54,共16页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"全球价值链背景下产业国际竞争力的二维评价及演化研究"(批准号:07CJY009);国家自然科学基金"全球价值链背景下‘中国制造’的国际竞争力的评价及升级策略研究"(批准号70772046)的联合资助

摘　　要：本文通过基于全球价值链理论的产业国际竞争力二维评价模型和新的农产品分类方法,重新审视了中国农产品的国际竞争力问题。结果表明:尽管农产品出口在中国总出口中所占份额越来越小,但在国际市场上的份额虽小却地位相当重要,且呈现上升趋势;中国农产品民族产业国际竞争力的降幅超过了国家产业国际竞争力,外资对中国农产品国际竞争力的贡献已经接近40%;中国农产品出口已经开始向高附加值环节集聚,加工产品占到农产品出口的四成,但其国际竞争力的一半是由外资贡献的,民族企业的主角地位正在失去;进一步的跟踪调查表明,世界五百强中的"涉农企业"大多已在中国完成初步布局,开始影响甚至改变中国国内农产品产业价值链的基本架构,民族产业有被"挤出"的风险。因此,本文建议要提升中国农产品的产业国际竞争力,积极做大做强民族产业才是根本之道。This paper studies the export competitive advantage and trends of foreign-invested enterprises and local businesses. Through tracking and quering agriculture-related enterprises of Fortune 500 and the layout of the situation in China, the paper describes the global value chain of agricultural products which is controlled by overseas ＂dominant＂ enterprises. The results reveal that China is a world large trade nation in agricultural products. However, the international competitiveness of agricultural products is comparatively weak. Decomposing the export data index according to enterprise types, the paper finds that foreign-funded enterprises＇ contribution began to account for larger proportion since the year 2004. Though Chinese agricultural products are mainly high value-added pro- cessed products, the contribution rate goes half between the foreign-funded enterprises and local ones. The industrial chain of domestic farm products is facing the invasion of foreign investments, but local enterprises have difficulties in get- ting into the global value chain which is controlled by overseas ＂dominant＂ enterprises. Only when domestic enterprises are bigger and stronger and actively participate in the global value chain can they promote their and national industries＇ competitiveness.

关 键 词：比较优势 FDI 农产品 产业国际竞争力 全球价值链 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]