1980年代以来美国主流环保组织的体制化及其影响  

Institutionalization of American Mainstream Environmental Group since the 1980's and its Effects

作　　者：高国荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第6期36-46,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(06CSS001)

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,美国主流环保组织的体制化趋势明显。这一趋势是主流环保组织实力不断壮大的产物,也是顺应20世纪70年代以来美国社会趋向保守这一形势的结果。主流环保组织的体制化,主要体现为环保组织自身建设的加强,环保组织间长效合作机制的建立及环保组织斗争方式的改变。主流环保组织加强了同政府及公司的合作,主张以合作为基础的"第三条道路"。主流环保运动的体制化有利于扩大其社会影响,美国民众的环保意识、美国社会的生产和消费及美国的环境政策都因此而发生了一定的改变。环保运动的体制化也使它在结构、制度和指导思想等方面存在诸多缺陷,从而限制了环保运动向纵深发展。Since the 1980＇s,American mainstream environmental group have showed a prominent tendency of institutionalization.This tendency has resulted from steady growth of these group in strength and their conformity to the conservative orientation in American society since the 1970＇s.American mainstream environmental group became institutionalized mainly through strengthening their own construction,introducing a prolonged cooperative mechanism among themselves and adjusting their forms of environmental struggle by advocating the so-called ＂Third Way＂ as the basis of cooperation.As a result,the mainstream environmental movement in the 1980＇s and the 1990＇s exercised extensive and profound impact on environmental group consciousness of American people,production and consumption of American society and even American environmental policies.However,as a result of institutionalzation,the structural and intellectual shortcomings of the MEGs were strengthened,and the breakthrough of environmentalism seems hard to achieve.

关 键 词：主流环保组织 体制化 “第三条道路” 美国环保组织 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]