繁殖期荒漠鸟类群落与自然植被的相关格局  

The Correlation Pattern between Breeding Desert Bird Communities and Natural Vegetation in Fukang,Xinjiang

作　　者：陈莹[1,2] 马鸣[1] 丁鹏[1,2] 李维东 胡宝文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆环境科学院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2011年第6期24-33,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(No.2008BAC39B04);国家自然科学基金项目(No.30470262;30970340)

摘　　要：为探讨植被结构和物种组成对鸟类群落多度分布的影响,于2010年5～8月,在阜康地区所涵盖的显域植被梯度带(梭梭、琵琶柴及蒿属荒漠)内分别布设3～4条样线,调查繁殖鸟类群落多度分布及植被参数。借助平均高度和盖度反映植被结构,平均物种数目反映植物组成。从鸟类群落中抽取显著正相关鸟种组合及狭分布鸟种组合,将不同的鸟类组合与植被参数代入DCCA排序和Spearman秩相关分析,结果如下:(1)繁殖期鸟类群落对植被结构的响应较大,累积解释量达50.6%,灌木盖度与第一轴的相关系数为-0.998,草本高度与第二轴的相关系数为-0.479;且受植被水平异质性的影响大于垂直异质性。(2)显著正相关鸟种组合对植被结构的响应比繁殖期鸟类群落更大,累积解释量达64.4%,灌木盖度与第一轴的相关系数为-0.997,草本高度与第二轴的相关系数为-0.480;对植物组成的依赖性降低,草本平均物种数目与第二轴的相关性由-0.425变为-0.285。(3)狭分布鸟种组合受植物组成的响应大于植被结构,累积解释量达52.6%,灌木平均物种数目与第一轴的相关系数-0.997,草本平均物种数目与第二轴的相关系数为0.653。本研究支持鸟类群落对植被结构和植物组成的响应归于尺度效应的观点,并推测:在荒漠区,广布鸟种的栖息地选择偏向于植被结构,而狭布鸟种偏向于植物组成,尤其是草本平均物种数目。广布鸟种与狭布鸟种在鸟类群落中的比例,决定了鸟类群落对植被的具体响应。We surveyed bird species,abundance of each species in 10 transects 1.5 km long and 100 m wide in three type desert vegetation（Haloxylon shrub,Reaumuria shrub and Artemisia grassland） and sampled vegetation characteristics associating with birds,such as vegetation components,percent of cover,vegetation height from May to August,2010 in Fukang,Xinjiang.We used average vegetation height and coverage to reflected vegetation structure,used significantly positively correlated bird assemblage and narrowly distributed bird assemblage found in this study,to reveal the correlation between breeding bird community with the three desert vegetation.Based on DCCA ordination and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient,we found out（1） the entire bird community responded strongly to vegetation structure;（2） Significantly correlated bird assemblage responded more strongly to vegetation structure than the entire bird communities;（3）Narrowly distributed bird assemblage responded strongly to vegetation component.Our results supported the opinion that the bird community/vegetation correlation pattern was ascribe to the scale effect.Based on the results we presumed in desert narrowly distributed birds respond to vegetation component more strongly than to vegetation structure,especially to average number of herb species;widely distributed birds respond to vegetation structure more strongly.The ratio of the widely distributed birds to narrow distributed birds might decide the bird community responding to vegetation.

关 键 词：植被结构 植物组成 DCCA排序 鸟种组合 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]