东北大豆生态区捕食性食蚜蝇种类及其对大豆蚜的控害效应分析  

Control of soybean aphids by predatory syrphids in northeast China

作　　者：兰鑫[1] 罗辑[1] 成新跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2011年第6期1625-1630,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103022;200803002)

摘　　要：食蚜蝇是蚜虫的主要天敌之一。通过对东北大豆生态区捕食性食蚜蝇的种类和种群数量调查,共发现9属15种捕食性食蚜蝇,其中,黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteatus(De Geer)、大灰食蚜蝇Eupeodes corollae(Fabricius)、印度细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria indiana(Bigot)和宽尾细腹食蚜蝇Sphaerophoria rueppelli(Wiedemann)为田间常见种;黑带食蚜蝇是大豆整个生长过程中的主要优势种,大灰食蚜蝇是大豆生长前期的优势种,细腹食蚜蝇是大豆生长中后期的优势种群;食蚜蝇幼虫发生高峰期与大豆蚜发生高峰期基本吻合。通过捕食量测定,发现黑带食蚜蝇平均每头幼虫对大豆蚜的理论最大捕食量为984头;在田间益害比为1∶150时,控害效果达到最大,近60%;而在1:250时单头控制蚜量最多,为102头,且控害效果可达到40%以上。以上研究结果表明,食蚜蝇对大豆蚜具有较强的捕食能力,具有很大的生防应用潜能。本文还提出了关于食蚜蝇田间保护的可行性措施。Predatory syrphids are important natural enemies of aphids.Field investigations showed that fifteen aphidophagous syrphids belonging to nine genera occur in soybean fields in northeastern China.Among these,Episyrphus balteatus（De Geer） ,Eupeodes corollae（Fabricius） ,Sphaerophoria indiana（Bigot） and Sphaerophoria rueppelli（Wiedemann） were common species with different population dynamics in the field.E.balteatus was dominant during the period of soybean growth,E.corollae was dominant in the early period and Sphaerophoria was dominant in the mid and late period.The population dynamics of syphid larvae was coincident with that of aphids.Testing the prey consumption of different instars of syrphid larvae at different prey densities indicates that the theoretical predatory capacity of E.balteatus was,on average,984 aphids per larva.Assessment of the effects of syrphid predation on aphids in field showed that their control efficiency could reach 60% at a predator to prey ratio of 1/150.Efficiency fell to 40% at a ratio of 1/250 but aphid consumption reached a peak of 102 aphids per syphid larva.Our results indicate that aphidophagous syrphids have great potential as a biological control for soybean aphids.

关 键 词：食蚜蝇 种群动态 捕食效率 控害效应 田间保护 

分 类 号：S435.651[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] Q968[农业科学—植物保护]