遥感地质勘查技术与应用研究  

Remote Sensing Technology and its Application in Geological Exploration

作　　者：王润生[1] 熊盛青[1] 聂洪峰[1] 梁树能[1] 齐泽荣[1] 杨金中[1] 闫柏琨[1] 赵福岳[1] 范景辉[1] 童立强[1] 林键[1] 甘甫平[1] 陈微[1] 杨苏明[1] 张瑞江[1] 葛大庆[1] 张晓坤[1] 张振华[1] 王品清[1] 郭小方[1] 李丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083

出　　处：《地质学报》2011年第11期1699-1743,共45页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局科研项目"矿产资源评价中遥感新方法新技术应用研究"(编号DK9902062);"遥感地质资源评价应用综合实验场研究"(编号1212010786002);"重要成矿带遥感地质调查综合研究"(编号1212011087106);"中热红外多/高光谱矿物填图及遥感异常信息提取技术研究"(编号1212010660601);305项目"加速查明新疆优势金属矿产资源及大型矿产的综合研究"(编号96-915-05-06B);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目"地质灾害干涉雷达监测预警技术系统研究"(编号200811053);国土资源大调查项目"喜马拉雅山地区重大地质灾害遥感调查"(编号1212010818007);航遥中心青年创新基金项目(编号2010YFL10)等项目资助的成果

摘　　要：遥感的发展极大地拓宽了人类的视野和视觉能力,以其宏观性、综合性、多尺度、多层次的特点,已成为地质研究和地质勘查不可缺少的技术手段,在地质调查、矿产勘查、地质环境评价、地质灾害监测和基础地质研究等方面都发挥了越来越大的作用。随着传感器分辨率(空间、光谱、时间、辐射)的不断提高,特别是高光谱和干涉雷达技术的发展,不仅极大地提高了遥感的观测尺度、对地物的分辨本领和识别的精细程度,而且使遥感地质发生了由宏观探测到微观探测,由定性解译到定量反演的质的飞跃,将遥感地质和应用都推向一个新的高度。本文首先简要介绍了遥感技术的发展及其意义,遥感地质找矿的原理、方法和遥感找矿模型,然后分别从岩矿波谱、遥感图像处理、多光谱蚀变异常提取、高光谱矿物识别与填图、InSAR地表形变调查与监测、遥感找矿模型、遥感地质灾害调查与监测7个方面介绍了遥感的基本原理、主要的技术方法、技术特点和技术关键、主要的应用领域,以及取得的一些研究成果和应用实例。The development of remote sensing has greatly expanded understanding of and human＇s visual capabilities about this planet.With its microscope and comprehension,and multiple scale and levels,it has become an indispensable force for geological research and exploration,and exerted an increasing important role in geological survey,mineral exploration,geological environmental evaluation,geohazards monitoring,geological research,lunar and planetary exploration and so on.With sensor resolutions increasing in space,spectrum,time and radiation,especially development of hyerspectral and radar interferometry,observation precision of remote sensing,discrimination ability and identification accuracy have been increased greatly.In addition,remote sensing geology has made a big leap transforming from qualitative explanation to quantitative inversion and from macro detection to micro identification,promoting remote sensing technology and its application to a new height.This study starts with the latest developments and significance of remote sensing technology,the principle,methodology and modeling of ore prospecting.Then,seven fields related to remote sensing are described,such as reflectance spectral measurement of rocks and minerals,processing of remote sensing images,extraction of multispectral anomaly information,identification and mapping of hyperspectral minerals,surface deformation investigation and monitoring with radar interferometer,remote sensing exploration model,geohazard monitoring with remote sensing,respectively.At the end of this study are some research achievements and application examples presented.

关 键 词：遥感地质 岩矿光谱 遥感图像处理 遥感异常 高光谱矿物识别 遥感找矿模式 雷达干涉 地质灾害监测 

分 类 号：P627[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]