解决超滤膜处理农村窖水细菌超标现象试验探讨  

Investigation on the phenomena of bacteria exceeding standards in rural pit water treated by ultrafiltration membrane

作　　者：岳银铃[1] 张岚 凌波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2011年第6期776-778,共3页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(No.2006BAD01B05)

摘　　要：目的超滤膜在农村窖水实际间歇运行过程中,空气中的细菌会随气流进入膜组件进而滋生,致使滤后出水中细菌超标,本文针对此现象探讨其解决办法。方法设计聚氯乙稀(PVC)合金毛细管式超滤膜与紫外消毒器、消毒剂、单向阀、水封、高水位水箱和直接出水6种不同组合方式,模拟农村供水间歇运行,比较其测试结果。结果紫外、消毒剂、高水位水箱与超滤膜组合方式均能有效解决窖水浑浊度高、微生物超标的问题,出水水质符合国标要求,而超滤膜与单向阀和水封组合以及直接出水方式的结果不够理想,由于细菌在膜组件中不断滋生,甚至有出水中细菌超过原水的现象。结论超滤膜在农村窖水应用过程中,为避免间歇运行所致滤后出水微生物超标现象,建议在设有高位水箱作为集雨水窖的地区可采用消毒剂对超滤膜定期消毒的方式;在设有地下水窖的地区,可采用超滤膜与紫外消毒器联合使用。Objective To investigate the phenomenon of bacteria exceeding standards in rural pit water,which was intermittently operated by water pump equipped with ultrafiltration membrane,and to explore the solutions.Methods Polyvinyl chloride（PVC） alloy capillary membranes combined with UV,disinfectant,one-way valve,water-seal,high water level-water tank and direct outlet were tested.The operation on water treatment was intermittent,simulating the ways of treating pit water in the rural.Results The combination modes of ultrafiltration membrane with UV,disinfectant and high water level-water tank are valid in solving the problem of high turbidity and microorganism of pit water stored in cellars,the quality of effluents was consistent with the requirements of the national standards.While the combination modes of ultrafiltration membrane with one-way valve or water-seal were less desirable,more bacteria in treated water than raw water were observed because of bacteria breeding on the membrane component.Conclusion In order to avoid excessive bacteria in filtered pit water caused by intermittent operation,it is recommended that for the pit water in high water level water tanks,the ultrafiltration membranes should be cleaned with disinfectants on a regular basis.The effluent pit water from underground cellars should be disinfected with UV after ultrafiltration.

关 键 词：超滤膜 农村窖水 细菌 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]