电流变效应的机理进展  

Advances in mechanism of electrorheological effect

作　　者：庞雪蕾[1] 杨敏丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学理学院,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《河北工业科技》2011年第6期390-396,共7页Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology

摘　　要：电流变液体是一种由固体小颗粒和绝缘液体组成的智能材料,在电场作用下黏度和软硬度连续可调。在移走电场后,流变性能具有可逆转性,其响应速度极快,可达毫秒级。电流变材料潜在的巨大经济和社会效益使其从20世纪40年代至今一直是一个研究热点。随着材料的研究,相继提出了双电层理论和"水桥"机理、极化模型、导电模型以及解释巨ER效应的表面极化饱和模型。综述了电流变效应的传统机理和最新的机理进展模型,介绍了一种适用于颗粒类型电流变液体的剪切应力方程。Electrorheological（ER） fluids is a type of smart material capable of varying viscosity in response to the external elctric field.The rheological variation is reversible after the renoval of the field.The response is very rapid and can be as short as a few milliseconds.The potential applications have made ER fluids a persistent area of study since its discovery in 1940s.With the discovery of the ER fluids,theory of electrical double layer,water mechanism,polarization model,conduction model and the saturation surface polarization have been proposed to explain the electrorheological effects.A brief review of the ER conventional and the latest mechanisms are summarized and a general yield stress equation for the particle-type ER fluids is introduced.

关 键 词：电流变效应 电流变液体 电流变材料 ER液体 剪切应力方程 

分 类 号：O361[理学—流体力学]