如何正确实施医疗过错推定制度——对《侵权责任法》第五十八条的理解  

Implementation of Fault-Presuming System: Understanding of Article 58 of the Tort Liability Law

作　　者：朱根[1] 王启辉[2] 王晓东[3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省人民医院保卫科,南京210029 [2]江苏省人民医院医患沟通中心,南京210029 [3]江苏省人民医院医务处,南京210029

出　　处：《临床误诊误治》2011年第11期95-98,共4页Clinical Misdiagnosis & Mistherapy

基　　金：江苏省医学人文社科基金(JSYRKJ2011-A2-002)

摘　　要：《侵权责任法》第五十八条首次以法律形式规定了医疗过错推定制度,如何正确实施该制度是医疗机构和法律工作者面临的重要课题。首先,第五十八条规定的过错推定制度为可反驳的法律推定制度、有限的法律推定制度,其合理平衡了医患双方的利益,也维护了社会利益;其次,医疗过错推定制度应专由法院强制适用,其法律后果是被告负有证明其不存在过失的举证责任;再次,第五十八条第一项所指"规定"应仅限于与诊疗规范有关的规定,且仅适用于医疗技术损害型案件,而第二项及第三项规定的情形属于证据妨碍行为,法院应当直接认定存在过错,而非推定存在过错。The Tort Liability Law stipulated in Article 58 medical fault-presuming system for the first time by legal form.And how to exactly implement this system is medical institution＇s and legal workers＇ important subject.The article argues that,firstly,the fault-presuming prescribed in Article 58 is rebuttal and limited legal presuming system.It reasonably balances the interests of both medical institutions and patients,and also maintains the social benefits.Secondly,medical fault-presuming system should be enforced exclusively by the court,and the legal consequence is that the defendant has to prove that there is no existing negligence.Finally,the stipulation mentioned in the first item of Article 58 should be confined to relevant medical norms and applied only to cases of the medical technology damage.But the circumstances mentioned in the second and third items belong to hindering evidence behaviors,hence,the existence of fault should not be presumed,but directly recognized.

关 键 词：过错推定 利益维护 举证责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D925.13[政治法律—法学]