2006年夏季福建近海台风风暴潮特征分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of typhoon storm surges in Fujian offshore area during 2006 summer

作　　者：许金电[1] 郭小钢[1] 黄奖[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2011年第4期473-482,共10页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：国家908专项资助项目(908-ZC-I-01);福建省908专项资助项目(FJ908-04-06)

摘　　要：根据2006年夏季福建沿岸4个海洋观测站和福建近海5个潜标水位观测站的水位观测资料,分析了在4个热带气旋影响下的福建近海风暴潮特征.结果表明:福建沿岸海域的台风风暴潮大小不完全取决于台风强弱,与大风半径关系密切.若台风大风区覆盖整个台湾海峡,福建沿岸海域增水都较大,比如0604号强热带风暴"碧利斯"的大风区较大,由其引起厦门海洋观测站的最大增水高度达114 cm.0608号超强台风"桑美"和0609号强热带风暴"宝霞"双台风的大风区都比较小,由其引起的各测站增水相对也较小,增水高度最大的厦门海洋观测站只有52 cm.比较福建近海潜标水位观测站及其附近的海洋观测站采用11点(11 h)滑动平均后的最大增水可知,福建近海潜标观测站台风增水高度(22～46 cm)比沿岸海洋观测站的台风增水高度(62～73 cm)小40%左右.这表明台风增水有个向岸堆积的过程,即测站离岸越远,台风增水高度就越小.位于热带气旋(0605号台风"格美")行进路径右侧的测站增水较大(平潭海洋观测站极值增水高度为49 cm,崇武海洋观测站极值增水高度为55 cm),位于热带风暴行进路径左侧的测站增水较小(东山海洋观测站极值增水高度为45 cm).通过对0604号强热带风暴"碧利斯"引起的各测站增水滤除高频振荡后,福建沿岸海洋观测站最大增水高度从大到小依次为崇武站(74 cm)、平潭站(73 cm)、厦门站(68 cm)、东山站(62 cm),可见距离热带风暴中心越近(距离热带风暴中心从近到远依次为平潭、崇武、厦门、东山海洋观测站),增水高度越大,反之,增水高度越小.台湾海峡地形和福建沿岸海域地形容易出现双(多)增水峰现象.通过对各测站台风增水时间序列进行最大熵谱分析可知,热带气旋容易引起福建沿岸和近海各测站台风增水出现周期为12.0 h的振荡.This paper analyzed the characteristics of storm surges under the influence of 4 tropical cyclones over Fu- jian offshore area, using observation data of water level from 4 ocean observation stations along Fujian coast and 5 observation stations of subsurface buoy in Fujian offshore area during 2006 summer. The results indicated that peaks of storm surges didn＇ t entirely depended on typhoon intensity in Fujian offshore area, but were closely relat- ed to the radius of typhoon gale ; if the typhoon gale area entirely covered the area of Taiwan Straits, the storm sur- ges were always greater in the area. For example, the gale area of typhoon 0604 Bills was larger, and caused the peaks of storm surges reaching 114 cm in height in Xiamen ocean observation station. The gale area of binary ty- phoons both typhoon 0608 Saomai and typhoon 0609 Bopha was all smaller, and the storm surges of all observation stations were also relatively small the highest peak storm surge of all stations, caused in Xiamen ocean observa- tion station, was only 52 cm. Comparing peaks of storm surges after moving average with 11 points （ 11 h） of ob- servation stations for water level of subsurface buoy in Fujian offshore area and in ocean observation stations nearby, we found the peaks of storm surges of observation stations for water level of subsurface buoy in Fujian offshore area （22 ~ 46 cm） were about 40% less than those in ocean observation stations along Fujian coast （62 -73 era）. And this showed that storm surges became greater as it reached the shore, namely the farther the observation station was located, the weaker the peaks of storm surges would be. The storm surges of observation station on the right of trop- ical cyclone （ typhoon 0605 Kaemi） track were greater （ the peak of storm surges was 49 cm in Pingtan ocean obser- vation station, and the peak of storm surges was 55 cm in Chongwu ocean observation station）, the storm surges of observation station on the left of tropical cyclone track were smaller

关 键 词：物理海洋学 台风风暴潮 水位 潜标 夏季 福建近海 

分 类 号：P733[天文地球—物理海洋学]