生物覆盖对大蒜田间生态效应的影响  

Ecological Effects of Biological Mulching on Garlic in Field

作　　者：周国庆[1] 罗鹏[1] 彭友林[1] 王云[1] 周国峰 王文龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院,常德415000 [2]益阳市农业局

出　　处：《长江蔬菜》2011年第22期71-73,共3页Journal of Changjiang Vegetables

基　　金：湖南省科技厅资助项目(06CK3049);湖南文理学院创新团队项目(05CX01)

摘　　要：以喜旱莲子草、稻草、油菜荚为材料对大蒜进行覆盖栽培,分析各处理大蒜田间杂草种群结构,发生频率、高度、盖度、大蒜田间地面温度、地下10 cm温度等指标。试验结果表明,未覆盖的大蒜田间杂草有9种,发生频率多在20%以上,盖度多在5%左右;喜旱莲子草覆盖、稻草覆盖栽培的杂草均为3种,且发生频率、盖度都较低;油菜荚覆盖的因带油菜种子,油菜苗占据生长空间,抑制了大蒜生长。阴雨天气和低温晴天下,喜旱莲子草、稻草和油菜荚覆盖的地下10 cm处温度比未覆盖的增加1℃左右。说明喜旱莲子草覆盖、稻草覆盖可明显抑制大蒜田间杂草,提高土壤温度,改善大蒜生长环境,提高大蒜产量和品质,油菜荚晒干后也可用于生物覆盖。Using the Alternanthera philoxeroides,straw,rape pods as cover materials,the population structure,occurrence frequency,height and coverage rate of weeds in garlic fields,and the temperature of the surface ground and 10 cm beneath the ground of each treatment were analyzed.The results showed that there were nine kinds of weeds in garlic field without cover material,with the occurrence frequency over 20% and the coverage rate about 5%.There were three kinds of weeds in garlic fields using A.philoxeroides and straw as cover materials,and both the occurrence frequency and coverage rate were very low.Because of the rape seedlings occupied the growth space of garlic,the growth of garlic was inhibited,when the rape pods were taken as cover material.In the rainy days or low-temperature sunny days,the temperature beneath 10 cm ground covered by the three materials were 1℃ higher than that of unmulched field.So using A.philoxeroides and straw as cover materials could obviously inhibit the growth of weeds in garlic fields,increase the soil temperature,improve the growing environment of garlic,and enhance the yield and quality of garlic.And the dried rape pods could be also used as biological cover material for garlic.

关 键 词：喜旱莲子草 生物覆盖 大蒜 生态效应 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]