核桃优良品种雌雄花授粉活力的研究  

Study on pollination activity of pistillate and staminate flowers in walnut excellent varieties

作　　者：刘昊[1] 高英[1] 董宁光[2] 徐虎智 裴东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所林木遗传育种国家重点实验室 [2]北京林业大学林学院 [3]河南省洛宁县林业局

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2011年第6期119-123,共5页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业重点科学技术研究计划林业新技术开发与储备专项(2008-04);林业公益性行业科研专项(201004048)

摘　　要：在核桃花期,柱头的可授性和花粉活力直接决定着座果率和当年产量。本文采用具有代表性的核桃优良品种‘温185’、‘强特勒’和‘清香’,在记录柱头授粉受精形态变化的同时,用联苯胺--过氧化氢法确定了柱头的可授时期;用MTT染色法确定了花粉活力期限和花粉活力最高的条件和时期。结果表明:柱头可授时期在柱头微张至出现棕色条纹之间,最佳时期在柱头开张后3～5d;自然状态下花粉可保存96h,但4h后生活力即降至33%,雄花刚开放时花粉生活力最高,达95%。花粉在4℃条件下可延长生活力,120h平均生活力为63.3%。Stigma receptivity and pollen viability during walnut flowering can determine the fruit set percentage and the yield of current year directly.In this study,representative walnut cultivars—＇Wen185＇,＇Chandler＇ and ＇QingXiang＇ were observed.The morphological changes of stigma were recorded during pollination and fertilization,the stigma receptivity and optimal pollination period were studied by benzidine-H2O2 method,and the period and conditions for keeping highest pollen viability were detected by MTT staining method.The results showed that the stigma receptivity period was ranging from the stigma slightly open to it with brown stripes.The best period for pollination was 3-5 days after the split stigma opened.The pollen can be stored for 96 hours under natural conditions and the viability decreased quickly to 33% after 4 hours.The pollen viability was the highest when the walnut anthers shedding,reaching 95%.Pollen viability could be reinforced at 4 ℃ and the average viability was 63.3% after 120 hours.

关 键 词：核桃 雌花 雄花 花粉活力 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：S718.3[农业科学—林学]