公民对行政违法行为的藐视  

Citizens' Disregard of Illegal Administrative Acts

作　　者：何海波[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2011年第6期117-132,共16页China Legal Science

摘　　要：公民能否对行政违法行为直接采取抵制行动,是法治秩序建构中一个不能绕开而又不易解开的问题。渊源于大陆法学理的无效行政行为理论,没有为公民拒绝权提供一个完全对应的分析框架,不应把两者简单对接。英美法重在关注是否容许当事人在事后诉讼中对行政违法行为提出间接抗辩,更有实践意义。中国的立法和司法对公民拒绝权给予了相当广泛的承认,其设定的标准有别于"重大明显违法"这一通常所理解的无效行政行为构成要件。原则上,行政行为严重违法侵犯公民实体权利,公民在不能获得及时、充分救济的情况下,采取适当方式予以抵制,都应当允许。承认公民的拒绝权是对公民行政法主体地位的尊重,也是对良好行政和实质法治的追寻。Whether a citizen can take direct action against an illegal administrative act or not is an inevitable problem in the construction of legal order that cannot be easily settled.The invalid administrative act theory,which is derived from the civil law legal theory,does not provide a corresponding analytical framework for citizen＇s right to refuse and thus that theory should not be simply applied.It makes more practical sense that common law attaches great importance on whether to permit a party to advance an indirect counterplea against an illegal administrative act in the subsequent litigation or not.The citizen＇s right to refuse has been widely acknowledged by the legislation and justice in China,the established standard of which is distinguished from the essential elements of ＇grave and evident illegality ＇-a generally understood invalid administrative act.It should be permitted in principle that a citizen takes appropriate action against an administrative act gravely violating his/her substantial rights when immediate and adequate remedies cannot be acquired by the citizen.Acknowledging the citizen＇s right to refuse shows respect for citizen＇s subject status in administrative law and also assists in realizing fine administration and substantial rule by law.

关 键 词：行政违法行为 公定力 行政行为无效 间接抗辩 公民拒绝权 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]