白桦、落叶松不同器官水浸液对种子萌发和播种苗生长的种间化感作用  

Interspecific allelopathic effect of different organs' aqueous extracts of Betula platyphylla and Larix olgensis on their seed germination and seedling growth.

作　　者：刘忠玲[1] 王庆成[1] 郝龙飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第12期3138-3144,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD24B0501)资助

摘　　要：研究了白桦的根、枝、叶,落叶松的根、枝、叶和皮不同浓度水浸液(5.0、12.5、25.0、50.0和100.0mg.mL-1)对另一树种种子萌发和当年生播种苗生长的化感作用.结果表明:落叶松不同器官水浸液(根5.0mg.mL-1除外)处理均抑制白桦种子的萌发,其平均发芽率为:对照(75%)>根(66%)>皮(59%)>枝(58%)>叶(54%),随浓度增加,根、枝水浸液的抑制作用增强,而叶、皮水浸液的抑制作用减弱.落叶松各器官水浸液对白桦胚根和胚轴生长具有较强的抑制作用,且以100.0mg.mL-1浓度的叶水浸液抑制作用最强,胚根和胚轴长分别降低38%和55%(P<0.05).落叶松枝、叶水浸液处理对白桦播种苗的苗高、地径及生物量有一定的促进作用,根、皮水浸液则具有抑制作用.白桦各器官水浸液能促进落叶松种子的萌发,根和枝的水浸液促进胚轴生长,叶的水浸液抑制胚轴生长,50.0和100.0mg.mL-1浓度的叶水浸液处理的种子胚轴分别较对照降低27%和28%(P<0.05).其对落叶松播种苗生长的影响以促进作用为主,5.0mg.mL-1浓度的白桦叶水浸液处理的落叶松苗高、地径、生物量分别较对照高54%、60%和100%(P<0.05).白桦与落叶松之间存在明显的化感作用,混交可能对林木生长产生一定的促进作用.In this paper,the Betula platyphylla root-,branch-,and foliage aqueous extracts and Larix olgensis root-,branch-,foliage-,and bark aqueous extracts over a range of concentrations 5.0,12.5,25.0,50.0,and 100.0 mg·mL-1 were used to study their interspecific allelopathic effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two tree species.All the L.olgensis organs＇ extracts,except its root extracts at concentration 5.0 mg·mL-1,had inhibition effect on B.platyphylla seed germination rate,which was 54%,58%,59%,and 66% under the effects of L.olgensis foliage-,branch-,bark-,and root extracts,respectively,as compared with the control.With increasing concentration,the inhibition effect of L.olgensis root-and branch extracts increased while that of L.olgensis foliage-and bark extracts decreased.The L.olgensis organs＇ extracts,especially the foliage extracts at concentration 100.0 mg·mL-1,had strong inhibition effect on B.platyphylla seed radicle-and hypocotyl length growth,with a decrement of 38% and 55%（P0.05）,respectively.L.olgensis branch-and foliage extracts promoted,but root-and bark extracts inhibited B.platyphylla seedling growth and biomass production.B.platyphylla organs＇ extracts promoted L.olgensis seed germination,root-and branch extracts promoted hypocotyl length growth,but foliage extracts at 50.0 and 100.0 mg·mL-1 decreased the hypocotyl length growth by 27% and 28%（P0.05）,respectively.B.platyphylla organs＇ extracts mainly promoted L.olgensis seedling growth,with the height-and collar diameter growth and biomass accumulation at B.platyphylla foliage extracts concentration 5.0 mg·mL-1 increased by 54%,60%,and 100%（P0.05）,respectively.Our results suggested that there existed obvious allelopathic effect between B.platyphylla and L.olgensis,and thus,mixed planting B.platyphylla and L.olgensis could have promotion effects on the growth of the two tree species.

关 键 词：白桦 落叶松 水浸液 化感作用 种子 播种苗 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]