论撒卢斯特史学及其政治倾向  

Sallust's Historiography and His Political Attitude

作　　者：蔡丽娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学民族学与社会学学院,副教授武汉430074

出　　处：《世界历史》2011年第6期84-94,160,共11页World History

摘　　要：撒卢斯特在被迫退出政治生活后开始历史写作。首先,他希望通过写作挽回作为元老的声誉,他的两部专著《喀提林阴谋》和《朱古达战争》专批共和国后期政治腐败,借此解释他退出公职生活的原因在于政治腐败。其次,作为政治上的恺撒派,撒卢斯特维护恺撒声誉的意图也非常明显,例如他澄清恺撒参与喀提林阴谋事件的谣言为恺撒发动内战的行为辩护。最后,他把"美德"作为历史解释的工具,认为罗马国家兴盛的原因在于尊奉传统"美德"。恺撒的行为和成就体现了传统"美德"的要求,恺撒那样的"新人"才是罗马国家复兴的希望所在。撒卢斯特的史学因此成为地道的恺撒派史学。political life.The main reason for his choosing to be a writer is to redeem his reputation as a senator before.Two of his famous works the Catiline and the Jugurtha were critiques upon the political corruption in the late republic.Through these books he also clarified that his withdrawal from political life was resulted from the political corruption.Moreover,as a partisan of Caesar,his intention of defending the reputation of Caesar is obvious.He refuted the rumor,which asserted that Caesar was involved in the Catiline conspiracy and defended Caesar' s acts in the civil war.At last,he put 'virtue' as an explanatory tool of history:the respect for traditional 'virtue' was regarded as the cause for the rise of the Roman Empire;the behavior and the success of Caesar reflected the criterions of traditional 'virtue';'New men' like Caesar were the hope of the rejuvenation of the Roman Empire.Sallust' s historiography,therefore,is totally a Caesarian one.

关 键 词：撒卢斯特 政治 “美德” 

分 类 号：K095[历史地理—历史学]