电池组直接供电对电动汽车驱动性能的影响  

Effects of battery direct power supply on driving performance of electric vehicles

作　　者：刘平[1] 刘和平[1] 郭强[1] 付强[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校电气工程与计算机科学系,美国密尔沃基wi53211

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2011年第11期27-32,共6页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：国家"863"计划基金项目(2003AA501350);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(CDJXS11150002)

摘　　要：为了给电动汽车驱动系统的参数匹配和电机控制器的技术改进提供理论依据,通过分析动力电池组直接供电的电机驱动系统特性,研究其对电动汽车整车性能的影响。依据动力电池的简化等效模型,从负载角度分析讨论了电池的放电特性;并以由奥拓车改装成的纯电动汽车运行工况为例,研究得到48 V电池组放电特性的仿真与实测结果。结合异步电机机械特性和驱动系统特性实例分析,深入讨论了电池组直接供电的驱动系统对整车性能的影响。研究结果表明,由于电动汽车运行工况复杂多变,电池组直接供电存在控制器电压波动频繁、系统大功率需求时电压跌落与供电能力不足等问题,致使电机驱动系统的最大转矩输出与效率的恶化,以及整车最高车速、爬坡及加速能力的降低。In order to optimize the parameter matching design of electric vehicles（EV） drive system and the performance of motor controller,the effects on the performance for EV were studied,by analyzing the driving characteristics of battery direct-powered motor.Based on a simplified battery model,the discharge characteristics were studied from the load point.Taking a 48V battery pack powered pure EV converted from an alto car as an example,the simulated and tested results of the battery discharge characteristics were carried out under a special operating condition.Then,according to the mechanical characteristic of asynchronous motor and the analysis on an example of motor drive characteristics,the effects of battery direct power supply on EV driving performance were discussed in-depth.The results show that,as the complicated and changeable operating conditions of EV,there are problems with frequent voltage fluctuations of motor controller,voltagesags and insufficient battery power in the battery direct power supply when high power is required.These problems lead to deterioration in the maximum torque output and efficiency of motor drive system,and reduction in the maximum speed,climbing and acceleration ability of EV.

关 键 词：电动汽车 异步电机 机械特性 电池放电特性 动力性能 电压波动 

分 类 号：U469[机械工程—车辆工程]