北方旱寒区冬油菜适宜群体的生长发育特性及生理生化基础  

Growth and Development Feartures and Physiology and Biochemistry Base of Winter Rapeseed in Suitable Population in Northwest Drought and Cold Regions

作　　者：张俊杰 孙万仓 李学才 方彦[2] 张朋飞 姜海杨 陈娇荣 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学研究测试中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2011年第8期82-88,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903002-04);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目"强优势油菜杂交种的创制与应用(2011AA10A104)";现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-13)

摘　　要：对不同种植密度下冬油菜根系生长、干物质积累、有效光合叶面积、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性的研究表明,群体密度在60、90万/hm2时,根长和根颈直径相对增长量大于其他处理,且差异极显著;群体过大,抑制叶片和根部干物质积累;60、90万/hm2有利于增加根冠比和根系干物质量/总干物质量,而减小叶片干物质量/总干物质量;群体越大,叶绿素质量浓度和可溶性蛋白含量越低,但低温下可溶性蛋白含量稳定;SOD活性随群体增大而增大,但在低温受冻后,0℃以下（11月20日）,各处理SOD活性大幅减小,但60、90万/hm2仍能保持较高活性;POD、CAT、APX活性随群体增大呈先减小后增大的趋势,气温下降后,随群体不断增大,POD、CAT、APX活性呈现先增加后减小的趋势,以60、90万/hm2处理的活性最高,低温下POD、CAT、APX活性能保持在一个较高水平。60~90万/hm2是保证冬油菜高越冬率比较合理的群体密度。The article mainly studied the impact of different plant density on root growth,dry matter accumulation,the effective photosynthetic leaf area,chlorophyll content,soluble protein and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,CAT（catalase）,and ascorbate peroxidase（APX） in winter rapeseed.The results showed that,（i） when the population density was in 600 000 and 900 000 plants/hm2,the relative growth of the root length and root collar diameter was significantly greater than the other treatments.（ii） dry matter accumulation of leaves and roots was inhibited in the oversized groups.（iii） Under the density of 600 000 and 900 000 plants/hm2,the ratios of root to shoot and root to dry mass or total dry mass were increased,but reduced the ratio of leaf dry matter and total dry matter.（iv） The larger the group was,the lower content of chlorophyll and soluble protein.But at low temperature,soluble protein content can be stabilized at a level and unchanged.（v） SOD activity increased with the group density,but after low temperature freezing（below 0 ℃,on November 20th）,SOD activity of all treatments reduced significantly,but it can maintain higher activity in 600 000 and 900 000 plants/hm2.（vi）The activities of POD,CAT,APX were first reduced and then increased with the groups increasing,but after the temperature dropped,the activities of POD,CAT,APX increased firstly and then decreased with the groups increasing,the highest activities were in 600 000 and 900 000 plants/hm2 treatment.At low temperatures,the activities of POD,CAT,APX can be maintained at a high level.From the above results,the reasonable population density is from 600 000 to 900 000 plants/hm2 to ensure over-wintering rates highly of winter rapeseed.

关 键 词：冬油菜 适宜群体 生长发育 生理生化 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]