热带气旋的基本热力学分析  

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE TROPICAL CYCLONE

作　　者：李建锋[1] 吕俊复[2] 李斌[1] 尧国富[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国电力企业联合会科技开发服务中心,北京100055 [2]清华大学热科学和动力工程教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《力学学报》2011年第6期1103-1109,共7页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家科技支撑资助项目(2006BAA03B00)~~

摘　　要：通过对热带气旋的热力学分析与计算,发现热带气旋的能量主要来源于水蒸气凝结所释放的潜热.气旋内外的温度差异使其产生了做功能力,形成了一个热力循环,该热力循环的效率在一定高度范围内随温度的增高有一个最大值:对于一定的气旋底部温度,在饱和空气温度较低时,其效率随着高度的增加存在极大值;而当温度较高时,则其效率随着高度一直增加.当海面环境温度在33℃～34℃时,效率达到最大值,约为7.4%.而输出功则随着温度的增加而一直增加,因而气旋强度随着环境温度的增高而增大.Thermal dynamic model of the tropical cyclone was suggested in the paper. With the model, the thermal dynamic characteristics of the tropical cyclone were analyzed. It is found that the energy to tropical cyclone was provided by the steams condense. The steam condensing causes the forming of circle, which outputs the power of the tropical cyclone. This circle efficiency reaches the maximum peak with its temperature increase within a certain height range. If the bottom temperature is constant, the circle efficiency increases to be the maximum and then falls down with the increase of the height when the saturation temperature is lower. However, when the saturation temperature is higher, the circle efficiency increases constantly with the increase of the height. When the ambient temperature at the sea surface in the range of 33-34℃, the efficiency achieves the maximum of about 7.4%. While the output power of the typhoon increases at all times with the temperature increasing. This indicates that the frequency and strength of the typhoon will accelerate with the ambient temperature.

关 键 词：热带气旋 热力学 大气物理学 湿空气 热力循环 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]