我国南方铁铝土矿物组成及其风化和演变  

The Weathering and Evolution of Soil Ferrallite Minerals in the South China

作　　者：马毅杰[1] 罗家贤[1] 蒋梅茵[1] 杨德涌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《沉积学报》1999年第A12期681-686,共6页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!4971047

摘　　要：论述了我国南方玄武岩和花岗岩发育的铁铝土原生矿物和粘土矿物物组成及其风化和演变。玄武岩发育的土壤中，风化强烈的砖红壤含重矿物主要集中在10～50μm和50～100μm粒级中，达35％～92％；风化较弱的红壤和赤红壤含重矿物主要在100～250μm粒级中，达10％～20％；而花岗岩发育的铁铝土中，轻矿物占绝对优势。玄武岩发育的赤红壤和红壤中高岭石含量低于花岗岩发育的同类土20％。而前者发育的红壤粘粒（＜2μm）中高岭石和非晶物质含量都低于砖红壤和赤红壤：后者发育的赤红壤、红壤和黄壤粘粒中高岭石含量分别为54％、42％和35％。研究花岗岩和玄武岩发育的红壤、黄壤的长石风化结果表明，长石在土壤中的风化深受气候和母质来源的双重影响，因而支配着它在土壤不同粒级中的分布。土壤中各种长石的风化顺序是：钠长石≥钾长石≥钙长石。This paper dealt with the weathering and evolution of primary and clay minerals in ferrallite derived from basalt and granite in the south China. In the intensive weathered Iatosol derived from basalt,the heavy minerals mainly existed in the particle fractions of 10-50 μm and 50-100μm, accounting for 35%-90%. In the feeble weathered red soils and lateritic red soils derived from basalt, the heavy minerals are lagely distributed in the particle fraction of 100-250μm,making up 10%-20%- However,the hght minerals take the leading Position in the ferrallite derived from granite. The kaolinite content in the lateritic red soils and red soils de rived from basalt are less than that in the clay fraction (＜2μm)in the red soils are less than that in the latosoland lateritic red soils derived from basalt. The kaolinite contents in clay fraction in the 1ateritic red soils,red soils and yellow soi1s derived from granite are 54% , 42% and 35 %,respectively. According to the weathering of feldspar in the red and yellow soils derived from basalt and gianite,the weathering process is subject to the climate conditions and parent materials,therefore, the cimate and parent materials control the distribution of feldspar in various particle fractions.The weathering order among different feldspars is that :Na-feldspar≥K- feldspar≥Ca-feldspar.

关 键 词：铁铝土 原生矿物 粘土矿物 风化 演变 铝土矿物 

分 类 号：P578.496[天文地球—矿物学] P578.94[天文地球—地质学]