极端的手段、极端的目标——超导电子器件及其应用  

Superconducting electronic devices and their applications——how unique performance can be realized at extreme temperatures

作　　者：吴培亨[1] 许伟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学超导电子学研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《物理》2011年第12期779-785,共7页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:10874074;61027008);教育部博士基金(批准号:200802840031)资助项目

摘　　要：超导电性既是物理学中一个光彩夺目的领域,也是电力工程和电子学中许多独特的新应用的源泉.工作于液氦或液氮温区的超导电子器件,固然有赖于"低温"的极端手段,却能在灵敏度、频带宽度、响应速率等方面达到极端的目标.文章以液氦温区超导体为主,简述了有关的电子器件的基本原理和应用类型,并展示了其发展前景,以纪念超导现象发现一百周年.Superconductivity is not only a fascinating topic in physics but also a very important source for many unique applications in electric and electronic engineering. Although extremely low temperatures （either liquid helium or liquid nitrogen temperatures） are indispensablefor for the proper operation of superconducting devices, much better performance in sensitivity, bandwidth, response speed, ere can be realized compared with what is possible using their room temperature counterparts. To mark the lOOth anniversary of the discovery of superconductivity, this paper reviews the basic principles, major applications and future possibilities of superconducting electronic devices, focusing on those at liquid helium temperatures.

关 键 词：超导电性 超导结 超导电子器件 液氦 液氮 

分 类 号：O511[理学—低温物理]