黄河兰州鲇肌体重金属及有机氯的污染特征  

Characteristics of heavy metal and organochlorin pollution in the muscle of Silurus lanzhouensisliving in the Yellow River

作　　者：杨元昊[1] 任惠丽[1] 张世羊[2] 杨娟宁[1] 王绿洲[1] 王立新[3] 李维平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄河水产研究所,农业部渔业环境及水产品质检中心,陕西西安710086 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [3]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第12期67-74,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省科技计划项目(2011K01-13);中国水产科学研究院科研基金项目(2003-01-05);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2011JBFZ03)

摘　　要：【目的】了解黄河濒危鱼类兰州鲇(Silurus lanzhouensis)肌体污染物的残留现状,为黄河濒危鱼类资源保护和黄河水域水产品质量安全评价提供背景资料。【方法】采用国标法,测定了黄河港口至三门峡段兰州鲇肌体中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、六六六(HCHs=α-HCH+β-HCH+γ-HCH+δ-HCH)、滴滴涕(DDTs=pp’-DDE+op’-DDT+pp’-DDD+pp’-DDT)等9种污染物的残留状况,并与相同生境中的黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲫(Carassius auratus)进行了比较研究。【结果】兰州鲇肌体重金属残留水平远高于黄河鲤和鲫,Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Se等的检出率为100%,As的检出率为54.5%,HCHs和DDTs的检出率为0。研究水域鱼类肌体主要残留物为Hg、Se、Pb和Cd,其中Hg的残留量最高,但除1个兰州鲇样品Hg含量超标外,其他检测指标的超标率均为0。均值污染指数表明,兰州鲇肌体污染物残留属于正常背景或轻污染水平,且三门峡段兰州鲇的受污染程度高于港口段,与水质监测结果保持一致。黄河港口至三门峡段水体受Hg的污染程度最高,Pb和Cd次之,Cu和Zn最低。兰州鲇肌体中Cu与Zn、Pb与Zn、As与Zn及As与Pb含量之间存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.05)。【结论】黄河兰州鲇肌体污染物残留属于正常背景或轻污染水平,且主要受水质的影响。因此,应积极防治黄河水域污染,以加强对兰州鲇的资源保护,并确保食用安全。【Objective】 The study was done to investigate pollutant residues in the muscle of endangered fish Silurus lanzhouensis that only lives in the Yellow River so as to provide background information for conservation of endangered fishery resources and for aquatic product quality and safety within the Yellow River basin.【Method】 We investigated residues of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Se,HCHs（HCHs=α-HCH＋β-HCH＋γ-HCH＋δ-HCH） and DDTs（DDTs=pp＇-DDE＋op＇-DDT＋pp＇-DDD＋pp＇-DDT） in the muscle of S.lanzhouensis,which were captured from Gangkou to Sanmenxia at the Yellow River,and compared with Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus living in the same niche in 2004 and 2005.【Result】 The results showed a 100% detectable rate for Hg,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Se,54.5% for As,and 0 for HCHs and DDTs.Heavy metal residues in the muscle of S.lanzhouensis were much higher than those in the muscles of C.carpio and C.auratus.The main residues in the muscle of fishes captured from the survey area were Hg,Se,Pb and Cd,among which Hg residue was the maximum.There was only one sample with standard-exceeding content of Hg,while the remains were below the national standards versus the detected parameters.The average pollution index indicated that the contamination of S.lanzhouensis was in background or in a light level,and it was heavier at Sanmenxia than at Gangkou,which was in accordance with the results of water quality monitoring.Water quality monitoring also revealed that the greatest degree of pollution for the investigated reaches was induced by Hg,followed by Pb and Cd.There were significant（P0.05） and positive correlations between CuZn,PbZn,AsZn,and AsPb in the muscle of S.lanzhouensis.【Conclusion】 Pollutant residues in the muscle of S.lanzhouensis were in background or in a light-pollution level,and were strongly associated with the surrounding environment.Hence,prevention and control of water pollution within the Yellow River basin is of vital importance to fortify the conservation of S.lanzhouensis resour

关 键 词：兰州鲇 重金属 污染指数 污染物残留 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源] X503.225[农业科学—水产科学]