1960年-2010年内蒙古东部地区生长季变化分析  

Spatiotemporal Variations in Thermal Growing Seasons Due to Climate Change in Eastern Inner Mongolia during the Period 1960-2010

作　　者：张戈丽[1,2] 陶健[2] 董金玮 徐兴良[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]Department of Botany and Microbiology,Center for Spatial Analysis,University of Oklahoma

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第12期2323-2332,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室开放课题(编号:RDA0903);科技基础性工作专项(编号:2007FY110300)

摘　　要：内蒙古东部地区气候变化较全国平均水平更为剧烈,尤其是近几十年来呈明显的暖干化趋势。作为典型的农林牧交错区,该地区气候变化对生态系统的影响更为显著。本文选取0℃和10℃(牧草和喜温作物生长重要的临界温度)作为生长季指标,分析内蒙古东部地区自1960s以来稳定通过0℃和10℃生长季(简称0℃和10℃生长季)的初日、终日、生长季长度的时空变化,以及稳定通过0℃和10℃活动积温的时空变化。研究表明:①因气候变暖,研究区大兴安岭以东大部分地区逐年代初、终日等日线均向西北地区推移,以西地区向东北方向推移;其中初日等日线变化趋势较终日推移更为显著,且以1990s和2000s时期变化最为明显;0℃和10℃生长季初日提前速度分别为1.65d/10a和1.85d/10a,终日推迟速度分别为0.71d/10a和1.26d/10a;②由于生长季初日极显著提前,终日延迟,0℃和10℃生长季长度明显延长,延长速度分别为2.37d/10a和3.11d/10a;③≥0℃和10℃的活动积温明显上升,尤其是2000年以来积温增加异常明显,以研究区东南部和西南部地区热量增加最为显著,积温带明显向北移动。生长季初、终日、长度的变化以及生长季期间热量条件的变化将会对该地区草地和农田生态系统带来重要的影响。Climate change in Eastern Inner Mongolia has been found to be stronger than the average level in China, showing a more evident warming and drying trend in recent decades. Climate change is highly correlated with vegetation growth because climate change directly affects vegetation growth and its spatial distribution. As a typical agro-forest-pastoral crossing ecotone, effects of climate change on ecosystems are fiercer in Eastern Inner Mongolia than in other areas. 0℃ and 10℃ are taken as the important threshold temperatures for pasture and thermophilic crops, respectively. In this study, the beginning and end day stably above 0℃ and 10~C were regarded as indicators of beginning day and end day of growing season （GS） in this study. Lengths and accumulated temperature for thermal growing seasons stably above 0℃and 10℃ （GS0 and GS10 for short） were calculated based on daily mean temperature from meteorological stations across this region. Contours of the beginning day and end day of GS throughout the study area were made. An accumulated temperature map of GS for the study was made by interpolating weather station-based GS observations. Subsequently, spatial and temporal inter-decadal variations in beginning day, end day, lengths, and accumulated temperature of GS0 and GS10 since 1960s were comprehensively analyzed. Results show that： 1） the contours of the beginning day and the end day of GS0 and GS10 in five periods shifted to northwest in most parts. Changes in the contours of the beginning day were more evident than those of the end day, especially during the 1990s and 2000s. Advanced rates of the beginning day of GS0 and GS10 were found to be 1.65 d/10a and 1.85 d/10a, respectively, whereas delaying rates of the end day were 0.71 d/10a and 1.26 d/10a, respectively; 2） The beginning day of GS became earlier significantly, while the end day did not show obvious delay. Lengths of GS0 and GS10 became longer at changing rates of 2.37 d/10a and 3.11 d/10a, respectively; 3） Accumulated tempera

关 键 词：气候变化 生长季 初日 终日 活动积温 内蒙古东部 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]