河南省不同类型小麦养分吸收分配规律  

Uptake and Distribution of N,P,K in Different Wheat Gluten Types

作　　者：黄绍敏[1] 宝德俊[1] 郭斗斗[1] 张水清[1] 许为钢[2] 胡琳[2] 吴政卿[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2011年第11期30-34,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD25B00;2006BAD05B09);河南重大公益科研项目(081100911500)

摘　　要：依据大田长期施肥试验(1991-2008年)中9个中筋和强筋小麦品种对N、P、K的吸收和分配变化规律,探索小麦品种及筋型对养分的吸收差异,为小麦专用肥研发与合理施肥提供指导。结果表明,以豫麦13号为代表的中筋小麦,每生产100kg小麦籽粒需要N、P、K分别为2.06kg、0.44kg和1.84kg,需要N∶P∶K比例为1∶0.19∶0.89;以郑麦9023为代表的强筋小麦吸收N、P、K分别为2.65kg、0.51kg和2.61kg,比中筋小麦分别增加0.59kg、0.07kg和0.77kg,需要N∶P∶K比例为1∶0.21∶0.98。N、P在籽粒和茎秆中的分配比例品种间差异较小,9个品种N在籽粒中分配比例平均为79%,P在籽粒中分配比例为77%,K在籽粒中分配比例为16.5%。通过小麦秸秆还田,21%～25%的N、24%～32%P以及78%～89%的K归还到土壤。目前推广的强筋小麦品种比中筋小麦需更多N和K,目标产量为7 500～9 000kg/hm2,强筋小麦需要N 170～200kg/hm2,N∶P2O5∶K2O适宜比例为1∶0.48∶0.7。Long-term fertilization experiments of 18 years with 9 wheat varieties in alluvial soil were conducted in research farm in Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This study evaluated the effects of 5 representative fertilizations including fertilizers,manure,maize straw returning on the uptake and distribution of N,P,K in middle and strong gluten wheat varieties.The results indicated that strong gluten varieties required more N and K than middle gluten varieties.Producing 100kg middle gluten grain required 2.06 kg N,0.44 kg P and 1.84 kg K,while producing 100 kg strong gluten grain required 2.65 kg,0.51 kg and 2.61 kg,respectively.The ratio of N∶P∶K required in middle gluten varieties was 1∶0.19∶0.89 and 1∶0.21∶0.98 in strong gluten varieties.The distribution of N and P was less changeable among wheat varieties,79% N and 77% P in grain.On the contrary,more K accumulated in straw than N and P,and more K in strong gluten wheat,compared to weak gluten varieties.If all the wheat straw was returned to soil,it could return 21%-25% N,24%-32% P and 78%-89% K annually.Recently more strong gluten varieties were bred and planted,which needed more N and K fertilizers to gain high yield and quality.If the goal yield of wheat was 7 500-9 000 kg/ha,it need N 170-200 kg/ha with N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.48∶0.7.

关 键 词：河南省 长期施肥试验 潮土 小麦 养分吸收与分配 合理施肥 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]